Python中为什么会出现 “Invalid Syntax“ 的错误？

在编写 Python 代码时，有时会遇到 “Invalid Syntax” 的错误，这通常是由于语法错误造成的。例如，在以下代码中，错误出现在第一段代码后的 “else” 语句：

def main():

    first = input("Please enter the RNA sequence for which you wish to find the number of pairs. \nFirst line:")
    second = input("Second String:")
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    a1base = first.count('A')
    u1base = first.count('U')
    c1base = first.count('C')
    g1base = first.count('G')
    a2base = second.count('A')
    u2base = second.count('U')
    c2base = second.count('C')
    g2base = second.count('G')

    while (a1base >= 1) and (u1base >= 1) or (a2base >= 1) and (u2base >= 1):
        abases = (a1base+ a2base)
        ubases = (u1base + u2base)
        firstset = min(abases, ubases)
        print("You have", firstset,"A/U bases.")
        else:
            print("You have zero A/U bases.")

    while (c1base >= 1) and (g1base >= 1) or (c2base >= 1) and (g2base >= 1):
        cbases = (c1base + c2base)
        gbases = (g1base + g2base)
        secondset = min(cbases, gbases)
        print("You have", secondset,"C/G bases.")
        else:
            print("You have zero C/G bases.")



main()

当运行这段代码时，Python解释器会在执行到 “else” 语句时报错，因为缺少对应的 “if” 语句或其他控制语句。

解决方案

为了解决这个问题，可以将 “else” 语句改写为：

while (a1base >= 1) and (u1base >= 1) or (a2base >= 1) and (u2base >= 1):
    abases = (a1base+ a2base)
    ubases = (u1base + u2base)
    firstset = min(abases, ubases)
    print("You have", firstset,"A/U bases.")
if (a1base == 0) or (u1base == 0) or (a2base == 0) or (u2base == 0):
    print("You have zero A/U bases.")

while (c1base >= 1) and (g1base >= 1) or (c2base >= 1) and (g2base >= 1):
    cbases = (c1base + c2base)
    gbases = (g1base + g2base)
    secondset = min(cbases, gbases)
    print("You have", secondset,"C/G bases.")
if (c1base == 0) or (g1base == 0) or (c2base == 0) or (g2base == 0):
    print("You have zero C/G bases.")

也可以考虑用 if 语句重写该段代码：

def main():

    first = input("Please enter the RNA sequence for which you wish to find the number of pairs. \nFirst line:")
    second = input("Second String:")

    a1base = first.count('A')
    u1base = first.count('U')
    c1base = first.count('C')
    g1base = first.count('G')
    a2base = second.count('A')
    u2base = second.count('U')
    c2base = second.count('C')
    g2base = second.count('G')

    if (a1base >= 1) and (u1base >= 1) or (a2base >= 1) and (u2base >= 1):
        abases = (a1base+ a2base)
        ubases = (u1base + u2base)
        firstset = min(abases, ubases)
        print("You have", firstset,"A/U bases.")
    else:
        print("You have zero A/U bases.")

    if (c1base >= 1) and (g1base >= 1) or (c2base >= 1) and (g2base >= 1):
        cbases = (c1base + c2base)
        gbases = (g1base + g2base)
        secondset = min(cbases, gbases)
        print("You have", secondset,"C/G bases.")
    else:
        print("You have zero C/G bases.")



main()

这样就可以避免 “Invalid Syntax” 错误。