【贪玩巴斯】每日一练——《力扣：LeetCode 算法入门》（C++）：字符串——「外观数列——递归法 && 读表法」 2021-12-15

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题目：

作者：力扣 (LeetCode)
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/leetbook/read/top-interview-questions-easy/xnpvdm/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

题目一：外观数列

给定一个正整数 n ，输出外观数列的第 n 项。
「外观数列」是一个整数序列，从数字 1 开始，序列中的每一项都是对前一项的描述。
你可以将其视作是由递归公式定义的数字字符串序列：

countAndSay(1) = “1”
countAndSay(n) 是对 countAndSay(n-1) 的描述，然后转换成另一个数字字符串。
前五项如下：

1. 1
   

2. 11
   

3. 21
   

4. 1211
   

5. 111221
   

第一项是数字 1
描述前一项，这个数是 1 即 “ 一 个 1 ”，记作 “11”
描述前一项，这个数是 11 即 “ 二 个 1 ” ，记作 “21”
描述前一项，这个数是 21 即 “ 一 个 2 + 一 个 1 ” ，记作 “1211”
描述前一项，这个数是 1211 即 “ 一 个 1 + 一 个 2 + 二 个 1 ” ，记作 “111221”

要描述一个数字字符串，首先要将字符串分割为 最小 数量的组，每个组都由连续的最多 相同字符 组成。
然后对于每个组，先描述字符的数量，然后描述字符，形成一个描述组。要将描述转换为数字字符串，先将每组中的字符数量用数字替换，再将所有描述组连接起来。

例如，数字字符串 “3322251” 的描述如下图：

示例 1：
输入：n = 1
输出：“1”
解释：这是一个基本样例。

示例 2：
输入：n = 4
输出：“1211”
解释：
countAndSay(1) = “1”
countAndSay(2) = 读 “1” = 一 个 1 = “11”
countAndSay(3) = 读 “11” = 二 个 1 = “21”
countAndSay(4) = 读 “21” = 一 个 2 + 一 个 1 = “12” + “11” = “1211”

提示：
1 <= n <= 30

相关标签：
字符串

C++源程序：

解法一：递归法

class Solution {
public:
    string countAndSay(int n) {
        string p = "1";         // 递归开始的第一个值 —— 1；
        for( int i = 2; i <= n; i++ ){  // 最小从第二个开始（其显示的结果是对第一个值的判断）。
            string newS = "";
            int start = 0;
            int pos = 0;

            while (pos < p.size()){
                while (pos < p.size() && p[pos] == p[start]){
                    pos ++;
                }
                newS += to_string(pos - start) + p[start]; // to_string 把数值转换成字符串
                start = pos;
            }
            p = newS;       // 把得到的新字符串赋值给p，便于下一轮递归。
        }
        return p;
    }
};

解法二：读表法

class Solution {
public:
    string countAndSay(int n) {
        vector<string> arr = 
        {
            "","1","11","21","1211","111221","312211","13112221","1113213211","31131211131221","13211311123113112211","11131221133112132113212221","3113112221232112111312211312113211","1321132132111213122112311311222113111221131221","11131221131211131231121113112221121321132132211331222113112211","311311222113111231131112132112311321322112111312211312111322212311322113212221","132113213221133112132113311211131221121321131211132221123113112221131112311332111213211322211312113211","11131221131211132221232112111312212321123113112221121113122113111231133221121321132132211331121321231231121113122113322113111221131221","31131122211311123113321112131221123113112211121312211213211321322112311311222113311213212322211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231131122212322211331222113112211","1321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321132122311211131122211211131221131211132221121321132132212321121113121112133221123113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112111331121113122112132113213211121332212311322113212221","11131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221131211221321123113213221123113112221131112311332211211131221131211132211121312211231131112311211232221121321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321133112132112312321123113112221121113122113121113123112112322111213211322211312113211","311311222113111231133211121312211231131112311211133112111312211213211312111322211231131122211311122122111312211213211312111322211213211321322113311213212322211231131122211311123113223112111311222112132113311213211221121332211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221232112111312211213111213122112132113213221123113112221131112311311121321122112132231121113122113322113111221131221","132113213221133112132123123112111311222112132113311213211231232112311311222112111312211311123113322112132113213221133122112231131122211211131221131112311332211211131221131211132221232112111312111213322112132113213221133112132113221321123113213221121113122123211211131221222112112322211231131122211311123113321112131221123113111231121113311211131221121321131211132221123113112211121312211231131122211211133112111311222112111312211312111322211213211321322113311213211331121113122122211211132213211231131122212322211331222113112211","111312211312111322212321121113121112131112132112311321322112111312212321121113122112131112131221121321132132211231131122211331121321232221121113122113121113222123112221221321132132211231131122211331121321232221123113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112112322211211131221131211132221232112111312211322111312211213211312111322211231131122111213122112311311221132211221121332211213211321322113311213212312311211131122211213211331121321123123211231131122211211131221131112311332211213211321223112111311222112132113213221123123211231132132211231131122211311123113322112111312211312111322212321121113122123211231131122113221123113221113122112132113213211121332212311322113212221","3113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112111331121113122112132113121113222112311311221112131221123113112221121113311211131122211211131221131211132221121321132132212321121113121112133221123113112221131112311332111213213211221113122113121113222112132113213221232112111312111213322112132113213221133112132123123112111311222112132113311213211221121332211231131122211311123113321112131221123113112221132231131122211211131221131112311332211213211321223112111311222112132113212221132221222112112322211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221232112111312211213111213122112132113213221123113112221133112132123222112111312211312112213211231132132211211131221131211132221121311121312211213211312111322211213211321322113311213212322211231131122211311123113321112131221123113112211121312211213211321222113222112132113223113112221121113122113121113123112112322111213211322211312113211","1321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321133112132112312321123113112221121113122113111231133221121321132122311211131122211213211321322112312321123113213221123113112221131112311332211211131221131211132211121312211231131112311211232221121321132132211331121321231231121113121113122122311311222113111231133221121113122113121113221112131221123113111231121123222112111312211312111322212321121113121112131112132112311321322112111312212321121113122122211211232221121321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321132132211322132113213221123113112221133112132123222112111312211312112213211231132132211211131221131211322113321132211221121332211231131122211311123113321112131221123113111231121113311211131221121321131211132221123113112211121312211231131122211211133112111311222112111312211312111322211213211321322123211211131211121332211231131122211311122122111312211213211312111322211231131122211311123113322112111331121113112221121113122113111231133221121113122113121113222123211211131211121332211213211321322113311213212312311211131122211213211321223112111311222112111312211312113221133221121113122113221321132132211231131122211311123113111213211221121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        };
        return arr[n];        
    }
};

个人心得：

本题是递归问题。

涉及知识：

1. to_string() 函数
   C++中的 to_string()系列函数将数值转换成 字符串形式。

注意，不支持C++ 11标准的编译器可能不支持to_string()。
to_string()的所有函数原型如下：

string to_string(int val);
string to_string(long val);
string to_string(long long val);
string to_string(unsigned val);
string to_string(unsigned long val);
string to_string(unsigned long long val);
string to_string(float val);
string to_string(double val);
string to_string(long double val);