C语言第二章Conditionals and Loops

Conditionals

Conditionals are used to perform different computations or actions depending on whether a condition evaluates to true or false.
The if statement is called a conditional control structure because it executes(执行) statements when an expression is true. For this reason, the if is also known as a decision structure. It takes the form:

if (expression)
  statements

The expression evaluates to either true or false, and statements can be a single statement or a code block enclosed by curly braces { }.

Relational Operators(关系运算符)

Conditional Expressions(条件表达式)

Another way to form an if-else statement is by using the ?: operator in a conditional expression. The ?: operator can have only one statement associated with the if and the else.

Nested if Statements(嵌套 if 语句)

An if statement can include another if statement to form a nested statement. Nesting an if allows a decision to be based on further requirements.
Consider the following statement:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
   
    int profit = 1400;
    int clients = 18;
    int bonus;
    
    if (profit > 1000)
        if (clients > 15)
            bonus = 100;
        else
            bonus = 25;
    
    printf("%d", bonus);
}

suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous ‘else’
Appropriately indenting nested statements will help clarify the meaning to a reader. However, be sure to understand that an else clause is associated with the closest if unless curly braces { } are used to change the association.

The if-else if Statement

When a decision among three or more actions is needed, the if-else if statement can be used.
There can be multiple else if clauses and the last else clause is optional.
Carefully consider the logic involved when developing an if-else if statement. Program flow branches to the statements associated with the first true expression and none of the remaining expressions will be tested.
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