《 移植useradd到嵌入式Linux设备-CSDN博客》该篇文章简单描述了移植useradd命令（当然还附带其他相关的命令）步骤，十分丝滑地得到了目标文件，拷贝到嵌入式Linux设备后，通过类似下面的命令添加用户和密码到系统，
#用户名：mike 密码：12345 执行shell:/bin/sh
#组号：0 家目录：/root
useradd -g 0 -d /root -p 12345 -s /bin/sh mike在/etc/passwd和/etc/shadow文件里确确实实添加成功，但是在密码文件shadow里mike的密码原封不动地复制了命令行输入的密码（明文）,查看了useradd的帮助说明，对于-p这段，说明如下：
-p, --password PASSWORD encrypted password of the new account
它要求你在输入密码的时候就要输入密文（也就是你输入什么它就写什么到shadow），通过查看useradd.c源码，的确没对输入的密码进行加密处理，当通过如SSH方式用新添加用户名和密码登录后，会被系统拒绝访问，原因是密码不对，shadow里面对应用户的密码必须为密文才能验证通过（通过chpasswd命令可以自动修改明文密码为密文并同步更新到shadow文件）。
终归不太方便。
我想要使在输入明文密码后写到shadow文件里面的是对应加密后的密文，参照shadow工程下chpasswd.c，对useradd.c作如下关键修改，
加密函数实现如下：
配置如下：
./configure --prefix=$PWD/../arm-gcc/ --host=arm-linux CC=/root/DCJ_hf/buildroot/output/host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc AR=/root/DCJ_hf/buildroot/output/host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar STRIP=/root/DCJ_hf/buildroot/output/host/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip LDFLAGS="-lcrypt"（在最后增加了-lcrypt链接，否则会出现“未定义对‘crypt’的引用”错误，此处注意）
make&&make install之后将目标文件useradd拷贝到嵌入式设备/usr/sbin/路径下，赋予可执行权限后执行useradd -h,如下图：
上图所示可以通过命令行对加密方式进行选择，如果保持原密码（不做任何处理）则不输入-E选项即可，比如通过下述命令添加用户user:
useradd -E SHA256 -p password -s /bin/sh user可以成功添加，
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------修改的useradd.c文件如下:
/*
* Copyright (c) 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
* Copyright (c) 1996 - 2000, Marek Michałkiewicz
* Copyright (c) 2000 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko
* Copyright (c) 2007 - 2012, Nicolas François
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
* endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
* PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <config.h>
#ident "$Id$"
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <lastlog.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID
#ifdef USE_PAM
#include "pam_defs.h"
#endif /* USE_PAM */
#endif /* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "chkname.h"
#include "defines.h"
#include "faillog.h"
#include "getdef.h"
#include "groupio.h"
#include "nscd.h"
#include "prototypes.h"
#include "pwauth.h"
#include "pwio.h"
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
#include "sgroupio.h"
#endif
#include "shadowio.h"
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
#include "subordinateio.h"
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
#ifdef WITH_TCB
#include "tcbfuncs.h"
#endif
#ifndef SKEL_DIR
#define SKEL_DIR "/etc/skel"
#endif
#ifndef USER_DEFAULTS_FILE
#define USER_DEFAULTS_FILE "/etc/default/useradd"
#define NEW_USER_FILE "/etc/default/nuaddXXXXXX"
#endif
/*
* Needed for MkLinux DR1/2/2.1 - J.
*/
#ifndef LASTLOG_FILE
#define LASTLOG_FILE "/var/log/lastlog"
#endif
/*
* Global variables
*/
const char *Prog;
/*
* These defaults are used if there is no defaults file.
*/
static gid_t def_group = 100;
static const char *def_gname = "other";
static const char *def_home = "/home";
static const char *def_shell = "";
static const char *def_template = SKEL_DIR;
static const char *def_create_mail_spool = "no";
static /*@null@*//*@observer@*/const char *crypt_method = "NONE";
static long sha_rounds = 5000;
static long def_inactive = -1;
static const char *def_expire = "";
#define VALID(s) (strcspn (s, ":\n") == strlen (s))
static const char *user_name = "";
static const char *user_pass = "!";
static uid_t user_id;
static gid_t user_gid;
static const char *user_comment = "";
static const char *user_home = "";
static const char *user_shell = "";
static const char *create_mail_spool = "";
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
static /*@notnull@*/const char *user_selinux = "";
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */
static long user_expire = -1;
static bool is_shadow_pwd;
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
static bool is_shadow_grp;
static bool sgr_locked = false;
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
static bool is_sub_uid = false;
static bool is_sub_gid = false;
static bool sub_uid_locked = false;
static bool sub_gid_locked = false;
static uid_t sub_uid_start; /* New subordinate uid range */
static unsigned long sub_uid_count;
static gid_t sub_gid_start; /* New subordinate gid range */
static unsigned long sub_gid_count;
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
static bool pw_locked = false;
static bool gr_locked = false;
static bool spw_locked = false;
static char **user_groups; /* NULL-terminated list */
static long sys_ngroups;
static bool do_grp_update = false; /* group files need to be updated */
static bool
bflg = false, /* new default root of home directory */
cflg = false, /* comment (GECOS) field for new account */
dflg = false, /* home directory for new account */
Dflg = false, /* set/show new user default values */
eflg = false, /* days since 1970-01-01 when account is locked */
fflg = false, /* days until account with expired password is locked */
gflg = false, /* primary group ID for new account */
Gflg = false, /* secondary group set for new account */
kflg = false, /* specify a directory to fill new user directory */
lflg = false, /* do not add user to lastlog/faillog databases */
mflg = false, /* create user's home directory if it doesn't exist */
Mflg = false, /* do not create user's home directory even if CREATE_HOME is set */
Nflg = false, /* do not create a group having the same name as the user, but add the user to def_group (or the group specified with -g) */
oflg = false, /* permit non-unique user ID to be specified with -u */
rflg = false, /* create a system account */
sflg = false, /* shell program for new account */
uflg = false, /* specify user ID for new account */
Uflg = false; /* create a group having the same name as the user */
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
#define Zflg ('\0' != *user_selinux)
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */
static bool home_added = false;
/*
* exit status values
*/
/*@-exitarg@*/
#define E_SUCCESS 0 /* success */
#define E_PW_UPDATE 1 /* can't update password file */
#define E_USAGE 2 /* invalid command syntax */
#define E_BAD_ARG 3 /* invalid argument to option */
#define E_UID_IN_USE 4 /* UID already in use (and no -o) */
#define E_NOTFOUND 6 /* specified group doesn't exist */
#define E_NAME_IN_USE 9 /* username already in use */
#define E_GRP_UPDATE 10 /* can't update group file */
#define E_HOMEDIR 12 /* can't create home directory */
#define E_SE_UPDATE 14 /* can't update SELinux user mapping */
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
#define E_SUB_UID_UPDATE 16 /* can't update the subordinate uid file */
#define E_SUB_GID_UPDATE 18 /* can't update the subordinate gid file */
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
#define DGROUP "GROUP="
#define DHOME "HOME="
#define DSHELL "SHELL="
#define DINACT "INACTIVE="
#define DEXPIRE "EXPIRE="
#define DSKEL "SKEL="
#define DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL="
/* local function prototypes */
static void fail_exit (int);
static void get_defaults (void);
static void show_defaults (void);
static int set_defaults (void);
static int get_groups (char *);
static void usage (int status);
static void new_pwent (struct passwd *);
static long scale_age (long);
static void new_spent (struct spwd *);
static void grp_update (void);
static void process_flags (int argc, char **argv);
static void close_files (void);
static void open_files (void);
static void open_shadow (void);
static void faillog_reset (uid_t);
static void lastlog_reset (uid_t);
static void usr_update (void);
static void create_home (void);
static void create_mail (void);
static const char *encrypt_passwd(const char *passwd);
/*
* fail_exit - undo as much as possible
*/
static void fail_exit (int code)
{
if (home_added) {
if (rmdir (user_home) != 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: %s was created, but could not be removed\n"),
Prog, user_home);
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to remove %s", user_home));
}
}
if (spw_locked) {
if (spw_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", spw_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking shadow file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
}
if (pw_locked) {
if (pw_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", pw_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking passwd file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
}
if (gr_locked) {
if (gr_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", gr_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking group file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
if (sgr_locked) {
if (sgr_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sgr_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking gshadow file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
}
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
if (sub_uid_locked) {
if (sub_uid_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_uid_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking subordinate user file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
}
if (sub_gid_locked) {
if (sub_gid_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_gid_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking subordinate group file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "failed adding user '%s', data deleted", user_name));
exit (code);
}
#define MATCH(x,y) (strncmp((x),(y),strlen(y)) == 0)
/*
* get_defaults - read the defaults file
*
* get_defaults() reads the defaults file for this command. It sets the
* various values from the file, or uses built-in default values if the
* file does not exist.
*/
static void get_defaults (void)
{
FILE *fp;
char buf[1024];
char *cp;
/*
* Open the defaults file for reading.
*/
fp = fopen (USER_DEFAULTS_FILE, "r");
if (NULL == fp) {
return;
}
/*
* Read the file a line at a time. Only the lines that have relevant
* values are used, everything else can be ignored.
*/
while (fgets (buf, (int) sizeof buf, fp) == buf) {
cp = strrchr (buf, '\n');
if (NULL != cp) {
*cp = '\0';
}
cp = strchr (buf, '=');
if (NULL == cp) {
continue;
}
cp++;
/*
* Primary GROUP identifier
*/
if (MATCH (buf, DGROUP)) {
const struct group *grp = getgr_nam_gid (cp);
if (NULL == grp) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"),
Prog, cp);
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: the %s configuration in %s will be ignored\n"),
Prog, DGROUP, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE);
} else {
def_group = grp->gr_gid;
def_gname = xstrdup (grp->gr_name);
}
}
/*
* Default HOME filesystem
*/
else if (MATCH (buf, DHOME)) {
def_home = xstrdup (cp);
}
/*
* Default Login Shell command
*/
else if (MATCH (buf, DSHELL)) {
def_shell = xstrdup (cp);
}
/*
* Default Password Inactive value
*/
else if (MATCH (buf, DINACT)) {
if ( (getlong (cp, &def_inactive) == 0)
|| (def_inactive < -1)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid numeric argument '%s'\n"),
Prog, cp);
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: the %s configuration in %s will be ignored\n"),
Prog, DINACT, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE);
def_inactive = -1;
}
}
/*
* Default account expiration date
*/
else if (MATCH (buf, DEXPIRE)) {
def_expire = xstrdup (cp);
}
/*
* Default Skeleton information
*/
else if (MATCH (buf, DSKEL)) {
if ('\0' == *cp) {
cp = SKEL_DIR; /* XXX warning: const */
}
def_template = xstrdup (cp);
}
/*
* Create by default user mail spool or not ?
*/
else if (MATCH (buf, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL)) {
if (*cp == '\0') {
cp = "no"; /* XXX warning: const */
}
def_create_mail_spool = xstrdup (cp);
}
}
(void) fclose (fp);
}
/*
* show_defaults - show the contents of the defaults file
*
* show_defaults() displays the values that are used from the default
* file and the built-in values.
*/
static void show_defaults (void)
{
printf ("GROUP=%u\n", (unsigned int) def_group);
printf ("HOME=%s\n", def_home);
printf ("INACTIVE=%ld\n", def_inactive);
printf ("EXPIRE=%s\n", def_expire);
printf ("SHELL=%s\n", def_shell);
printf ("SKEL=%s\n", def_template);
printf ("CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n", def_create_mail_spool);
}
/*
* set_defaults - write new defaults file
*
* set_defaults() re-writes the defaults file using the values that
* are currently set. Duplicated lines are pruned, missing lines are
* added, and unrecognized lines are copied as is.
*/
static int set_defaults (void)
{
FILE *ifp;
FILE *ofp;
char buf[1024];
static char new_file[] = NEW_USER_FILE;
char *cp;
int ofd;
int wlen;
bool out_group = false;
bool out_home = false;
bool out_inactive = false;
bool out_expire = false;
bool out_shell = false;
bool out_skel = false;
bool out_create_mail_spool = false;
/*
* Create a temporary file to copy the new output to.
*/
ofd = mkstemp (new_file);
if (-1 == ofd) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"),
Prog);
return -1;
}
ofp = fdopen (ofd, "w");
if (NULL == ofp) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"),
Prog);
return -1;
}
/*
* Open the existing defaults file and copy the lines to the
* temporary file, using any new values. Each line is checked
* to insure that it is not output more than once.
*/
ifp = fopen (USER_DEFAULTS_FILE, "r");
if (NULL == ifp) {
fprintf (ofp, "# useradd defaults file\n");
goto skip;
}
while (fgets (buf, (int) sizeof buf, ifp) == buf) {
cp = strrchr (buf, '\n');
if (NULL != cp) {
*cp = '\0';
} else {
/* A line which does not end with \n is only valid
* at the end of the file.
*/
if (feof (ifp) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: line too long in %s: %s..."),
Prog, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE, buf);
(void) fclose (ifp);
return -1;
}
}
if (!out_group && MATCH (buf, DGROUP)) {
fprintf (ofp, DGROUP "%u\n", (unsigned int) def_group);
out_group = true;
} else if (!out_home && MATCH (buf, DHOME)) {
fprintf (ofp, DHOME "%s\n", def_home);
out_home = true;
} else if (!out_inactive && MATCH (buf, DINACT)) {
fprintf (ofp, DINACT "%ld\n", def_inactive);
out_inactive = true;
} else if (!out_expire && MATCH (buf, DEXPIRE)) {
fprintf (ofp, DEXPIRE "%s\n", def_expire);
out_expire = true;
} else if (!out_shell && MATCH (buf, DSHELL)) {
fprintf (ofp, DSHELL "%s\n", def_shell);
out_shell = true;
} else if (!out_skel && MATCH (buf, DSKEL)) {
fprintf (ofp, DSKEL "%s\n", def_template);
out_skel = true;
} else if (!out_create_mail_spool
&& MATCH (buf, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL)) {
fprintf (ofp,
DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL "%s\n",
def_create_mail_spool);
out_create_mail_spool = true;
} else
fprintf (ofp, "%s\n", buf);
}
(void) fclose (ifp);
skip:
/*
* Check each line to insure that every line was output. This
* causes new values to be added to a file which did not previously
* have an entry for that value.
*/
if (!out_group)
fprintf (ofp, DGROUP "%u\n", (unsigned int) def_group);
if (!out_home)
fprintf (ofp, DHOME "%s\n", def_home);
if (!out_inactive)
fprintf (ofp, DINACT "%ld\n", def_inactive);
if (!out_expire)
fprintf (ofp, DEXPIRE "%s\n", def_expire);
if (!out_shell)
fprintf (ofp, DSHELL "%s\n", def_shell);
if (!out_skel)
fprintf (ofp, DSKEL "%s\n", def_template);
if (!out_create_mail_spool)
fprintf (ofp, DCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL "%s\n", def_create_mail_spool);
/*
* Flush and close the file. Check for errors to make certain
* the new file is intact.
*/
(void) fflush (ofp);
if ( (ferror (ofp) != 0)
|| (fsync (fileno (ofp)) != 0)
|| (fclose (ofp) != 0)) {
unlink (new_file);
return -1;
}
/*
* Rename the current default file to its backup name.
*/
wlen = snprintf (buf, sizeof buf, "%s-", USER_DEFAULTS_FILE);
assert (wlen < (int) sizeof buf);
unlink (buf);
if ((link (USER_DEFAULTS_FILE, buf) != 0) && (ENOENT != errno)) {
int err = errno;
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: Cannot create backup file (%s): %s\n"),
Prog, buf, strerror (err));
unlink (new_file);
return -1;
}
/*
* Rename the new default file to its correct name.
*/
if (rename (new_file, USER_DEFAULTS_FILE) != 0) {
int err = errno;
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: rename: %s: %s\n"),
Prog, new_file, strerror (err));
return -1;
}
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_USYS_CONFIG, Prog,
"changing useradd defaults",
NULL, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
"useradd defaults: GROUP=%u, HOME=%s, SHELL=%s, INACTIVE=%ld, "
"EXPIRE=%s, SKEL=%s, CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s",
(unsigned int) def_group, def_home, def_shell,
def_inactive, def_expire, def_template,
def_create_mail_spool));
return 0;
}
/*
* get_groups - convert a list of group names to an array of group IDs
*
* get_groups() takes a comma-separated list of group names and
* converts it to a NULL-terminated array. Any unknown group
* names are reported as errors.
*/
static int get_groups (char *list)
{
char *cp;
const struct group *grp;
int errors = 0;
int ngroups = 0;
if ('\0' == *list) {
return 0;
}
/*
* So long as there is some data to be converted, strip off
* each name and look it up. A mix of numerical and string
* values for group identifiers is permitted.
*/
do {
/*
* Strip off a single name from the list
*/
cp = strchr (list, ',');
if (NULL != cp) {
*cp++ = '\0';
}
/*
* Names starting with digits are treated as numerical
* GID values, otherwise the string is looked up as is.
*/
grp = getgr_nam_gid (list);
/*
* There must be a match, either by GID value or by
* string name.
* FIXME: It should exist according to gr_locate,
* otherwise, we can't change its members
*/
if (NULL == grp) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"),
Prog, list);
errors++;
}
list = cp;
/*
* If the group doesn't exist, don't dump core...
* Instead, try the next one. --marekm
*/
if (NULL == grp) {
continue;
}
#ifdef USE_NIS
/*
* Don't add this group if they are an NIS group. Tell
* the user to go to the server for this group.
*/
if (__isgrNIS ()) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: group '%s' is a NIS group.\n"),
Prog, grp->gr_name);
continue;
}
#endif
if (ngroups == sys_ngroups) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"),
Prog, ngroups);
break;
}
/*
* Add the group name to the user's list of groups.
*/
user_groups[ngroups++] = xstrdup (grp->gr_name);
} while (NULL != list);
user_groups[ngroups] = (char *) 0;
/*
* Any errors in finding group names are fatal
*/
if (0 != errors) {
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* usage - display usage message and exit
*/
static void usage (int status)
{
FILE *usageout = (E_SUCCESS != status) ? stderr : stdout;
(void) fprintf (usageout,
_("Usage: %s [options] LOGIN\n"
" %s -D\n"
" %s -D [options]\n"
"\n"
"Options:\n"),
Prog, Prog, Prog);
(void) fputs (_(" -b, --base-dir BASE_DIR base directory for the home directory of the\n"
" new account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -c, --comment COMMENT GECOS field of the new account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -d, --home-dir HOME_DIR home directory of the new account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -D, --defaults print or change default useradd configuration\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE expiration date of the new account\n"), usageout);
(void) fprintf (usageout,
(" -E, --Encrypt-method METHOD the crypt method (one of %s)\n"),
#ifndef USE_SHA_CRYPT
"NONE DES MD5"
#else /* USE_SHA_CRYPT */
"NONE DES MD5 SHA256 SHA512"
#endif /* USE_SHA_CRYPT */
);
(void) fputs (_(" -f, --inactive INACTIVE password inactivity period of the new account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -g, --gid GROUP name or ID of the primary group of the new\n"
" account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -G, --groups GROUPS list of supplementary groups of the new\n"
" account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -h, --help display this help message and exit\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -k, --skel SKEL_DIR use this alternative skeleton directory\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -K, --key KEY=VALUE override /etc/login.defs defaults\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -l, --no-log-init do not add the user to the lastlog and\n"
" faillog databases\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -m, --create-home create the user's home directory\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -M, --no-create-home do not create the user's home directory\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -N, --no-user-group do not create a group with the same name as\n"
" the user\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -o, --non-unique allow to create users with duplicate\n"
" (non-unique) UID\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -p, --password PASSWORD encrypted password of the new account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -r, --system create a system account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -R, --root CHROOT_DIR directory to chroot into\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -s, --shell SHELL login shell of the new account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -u, --uid UID user ID of the new account\n"), usageout);
(void) fputs (_(" -U, --user-group create a group with the same name as the user\n"), usageout);
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
(void) fputs (_(" -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER use a specific SEUSER for the SELinux user mapping\n"), usageout);
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */
(void) fputs ("\n", usageout);
exit (status);
}
/*
* new_pwent - initialize the values in a password file entry
*
* new_pwent() takes all of the values that have been entered and
* fills in a (struct passwd) with them.
*/
static void new_pwent (struct passwd *pwent)
{
memzero (pwent, sizeof *pwent);
pwent->pw_name = (char *) user_name;
if (is_shadow_pwd) {
pwent->pw_passwd = (char *) SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING;
} else {
pwent->pw_passwd = (char *) user_pass;
}
pwent->pw_uid = user_id;
pwent->pw_gid = user_gid;
pwent->pw_gecos = (char *) user_comment;
pwent->pw_dir = (char *) user_home;
pwent->pw_shell = (char *) user_shell;
}
static long scale_age (long x)
{
if (x <= 0) {
return x;
}
return x * (DAY / SCALE);
}
/*
* new_spent - initialize the values in a shadow password file entry
*
* new_spent() takes all of the values that have been entered and
* fills in a (struct spwd) with them.
*/
static void new_spent (struct spwd *spent)
{
memzero (spent, sizeof *spent);
spent->sp_namp = (char *) user_name;
spent->sp_pwdp = (char *) user_pass;
spent->sp_lstchg = (long) time ((time_t *) 0) / SCALE;
if (0 == spent->sp_lstchg) {
/* Better disable aging than requiring a password change */
spent->sp_lstchg = -1;
}
if (!rflg) {
spent->sp_min = scale_age (getdef_num ("PASS_MIN_DAYS", -1));
spent->sp_max = scale_age (getdef_num ("PASS_MAX_DAYS", -1));
spent->sp_warn = scale_age (getdef_num ("PASS_WARN_AGE", -1));
spent->sp_inact = scale_age (def_inactive);
spent->sp_expire = scale_age (user_expire);
} else {
spent->sp_min = -1;
spent->sp_max = -1;
spent->sp_warn = -1;
spent->sp_inact = -1;
spent->sp_expire = -1;
}
spent->sp_flag = SHADOW_SP_FLAG_UNSET;
}
/*
* grp_update - add user to secondary group set
*
* grp_update() takes the secondary group set given in user_groups
* and adds the user to each group given by that set.
*
* The group files are opened and locked in open_files().
*
* close_files() should be called afterwards to commit the changes
* and unlocking the group files.
*/
static void grp_update (void)
{
const struct group *grp;
struct group *ngrp;
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
const struct sgrp *sgrp;
struct sgrp *nsgrp;
#endif
/*
* Scan through the entire group file looking for the groups that
* the user is a member of.
* FIXME: we currently do not check that all groups of user_groups
* were completed with the new user.
*/
for (gr_rewind (), grp = gr_next (); NULL != grp; grp = gr_next ()) {
/*
* See if the user specified this group as one of their
* concurrent groups.
*/
if (!is_on_list (user_groups, grp->gr_name)) {
continue;
}
/*
* Make a copy - gr_update() will free() everything
* from the old entry, and we need it later.
*/
ngrp = __gr_dup (grp);
if (NULL == ngrp) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: Out of memory. Cannot update %s.\n"),
Prog, gr_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", gr_dbname (), user_name));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user to group",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); /* XXX */
}
/*
* Add the username to the list of group members and
* update the group entry to reflect the change.
*/
ngrp->gr_mem = add_list (ngrp->gr_mem, user_name);
if (gr_update (ngrp) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
Prog, gr_dbname (), ngrp->gr_name);
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", gr_dbname (), user_name));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user to group",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user to group",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
"add '%s' to group '%s'",
user_name, ngrp->gr_name));
}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
if (!is_shadow_grp)
return;
/*
* Scan through the entire shadow group file looking for the groups
* that the user is a member of. The administrative list isn't
* modified.
*/
for (sgr_rewind (), sgrp = sgr_next (); NULL != sgrp; sgrp = sgr_next ()) {
/*
* See if the user specified this group as one of their
* concurrent groups.
* FIXME: is it really needed?
* This would be important only if the group is in
* user_groups. All these groups should be checked
* for existence with gr_locate already.
*/
if (gr_locate (sgrp->sg_name) == NULL) {
continue;
}
if (!is_on_list (user_groups, sgrp->sg_name)) {
continue;
}
/*
* Make a copy - sgr_update() will free() everything
* from the old entry, and we need it later.
*/
nsgrp = __sgr_dup (sgrp);
if (NULL == nsgrp) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: Out of memory. Cannot update %s.\n"),
Prog, sgr_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", sgr_dbname (), user_name));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user to shadow group",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE); /* XXX */
}
/*
* Add the username to the list of group members and
* update the group entry to reflect the change.
*/
nsgrp->sg_mem = add_list (nsgrp->sg_mem, user_name);
if (sgr_update (nsgrp) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
Prog, sgr_dbname (), nsgrp->sg_name);
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'", sgr_dbname (), user_name));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user to shadow group",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user to shadow group",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
"add '%s' to shadow group '%s'",
user_name, nsgrp->sg_name));
}
#endif /* SHADOWGRP */
}
/*
* process_flags - perform command line argument setting
*
* process_flags() interprets the command line arguments and sets
* the values that the user will be created with accordingly. The
* values are checked for sanity.
*/
static void process_flags (int argc, char **argv)
{
const struct group *grp;
bool anyflag = false;
char *cp;
{
/*
* Parse the command line options.
*/
int c;
static struct option long_options[] = {
{"base-dir", required_argument, NULL, 'b'},
{"comment", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
{"home-dir", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
{"defaults", no_argument, NULL, 'D'},
{"expiredate", required_argument, NULL, 'e'},
{"encrypt-method", required_argument, NULL, 'E'},
{"inactive", required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
{"gid", required_argument, NULL, 'g'},
{"groups", required_argument, NULL, 'G'},
{"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
{"skel", required_argument, NULL, 'k'},
{"key", required_argument, NULL, 'K'},
{"no-log-init", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
{"create-home", no_argument, NULL, 'm'},
{"no-create-home", no_argument, NULL, 'M'},
{"no-user-group", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
{"non-unique", no_argument, NULL, 'o'},
{"password", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
{"system", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
{"root", required_argument, NULL, 'R'},
{"shell", required_argument, NULL, 's'},
{"uid", required_argument, NULL, 'u'},
{"user-group", no_argument, NULL, 'U'},
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
{"selinux-user", required_argument, NULL, 'Z'},
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */
{NULL, 0, NULL, '\0'}
};
while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv,
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
"b:c:d:De:E:f:g:G:hk:K:lmMNop:rR:s:u:UZ:",
#else /* !WITH_SELINUX */
"b:c:d:De:E:f:g:G:hk:K:lmMNop:rR:s:u:U",
#endif /* !WITH_SELINUX */
long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case 'b':
if ( ( !VALID (optarg) )
|| ( optarg[0] != '/' )) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid base directory '%s'\n"),
Prog, optarg);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
def_home = optarg;
bflg = true;
break;
case 'c':
if (!VALID (optarg)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid comment '%s'\n"),
Prog, optarg);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
user_comment = optarg;
cflg = true;
break;
case 'd':
if ( ( !VALID (optarg) )
|| ( optarg[0] != '/' )) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid home directory '%s'\n"),
Prog, optarg);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
user_home = optarg;
dflg = true;
break;
case 'D':
if (anyflag) {
usage (E_USAGE);
}
Dflg = true;
break;
case 'e':
if ('\0' != *optarg) {
user_expire = strtoday (optarg);
if (user_expire < -1) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid date '%s'\n"),
Prog, optarg);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
} else {
user_expire = -1;
}
/*
* -e "" is allowed without /etc/shadow
* (it's a no-op in such case)
*/
if ((-1 != user_expire) && !is_shadow_pwd) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"),
Prog);
exit (E_USAGE);
}
if (Dflg) {
def_expire = optarg;
}
eflg = true;
break;
case 'E':
crypt_method = optarg;
break;
case 'f':
if ( (getlong (optarg, &def_inactive) == 0)
|| (def_inactive < -1)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid numeric argument '%s'\n"),
Prog, optarg);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
/*
* -f -1 is allowed
* it's a no-op without /etc/shadow
*/
if ((-1 != def_inactive) && !is_shadow_pwd) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"),
Prog);
exit (E_USAGE);
}
fflg = true;
break;
case 'g':
grp = getgr_nam_gid (optarg);
if (NULL == grp) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: group '%s' does not exist\n"),
Prog, optarg);
exit (E_NOTFOUND);
}
if (Dflg) {
def_group = grp->gr_gid;
def_gname = optarg;
} else {
user_gid = grp->gr_gid;
}
gflg = true;
break;
case 'G':
if (get_groups (optarg) != 0) {
exit (E_NOTFOUND);
}
if (NULL != user_groups[0]) {
do_grp_update = true;
}
Gflg = true;
break;
case 'h':
usage (E_SUCCESS);
break;
case 'k':
def_template = optarg;
kflg = true;
break;
case 'K':
/*
* override login.defs defaults (-K name=value)
* example: -K UID_MIN=100 -K UID_MAX=499
* note: -K UID_MIN=10,UID_MAX=499 doesn't work yet
*/
cp = strchr (optarg, '=');
if (NULL == cp) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: -K requires KEY=VALUE\n"),
Prog);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
/* terminate name, point to value */
*cp = '\0';
cp++;
if (putdef_str (optarg, cp) < 0) {
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
break;
case 'l':
lflg = true;
break;
case 'm':
mflg = true;
break;
case 'M':
Mflg = true;
break;
case 'N':
Nflg = true;
break;
case 'o':
oflg = true;
break;
case 'p': /* set encrypted password */
if (!VALID (optarg)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid field '%s'\n"),
Prog, optarg);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
user_pass = optarg;
break;
case 'r':
rflg = true;
break;
case 'R': /* no-op, handled in process_root_flag () */
break;
case 's':
if ( ( !VALID (optarg) )
|| ( ('\0' != optarg[0])
&& ('/' != optarg[0])
&& ('*' != optarg[0]) )) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid shell '%s'\n"),
Prog, optarg);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
user_shell = optarg;
def_shell = optarg;
sflg = true;
break;
case 'u':
if ( (get_uid (optarg, &user_id) == 0)
|| (user_id == (gid_t)-1)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid user ID '%s'\n"),
Prog, optarg);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
uflg = true;
break;
case 'U':
Uflg = true;
break;
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
case 'Z':
if (is_selinux_enabled () > 0) {
user_selinux = optarg;
} else {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: -Z requires SELinux enabled kernel\n"),
Prog);
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
break;
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */
default:
usage (E_USAGE);
}
anyflag = true;
}
}
if (!gflg && !Nflg && !Uflg) {
/* Get the settings from login.defs */
Uflg = getdef_bool ("USERGROUPS_ENAB");
}
/*
* Certain options are only valid in combination with others.
* Check it here so that they can be specified in any order.
*/
if (oflg && !uflg) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: %s flag is only allowed with the %s flag\n"),
Prog, "-o", "-u");
usage (E_USAGE);
}
if (kflg && !mflg) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: %s flag is only allowed with the %s flag\n"),
Prog, "-k", "-m");
usage (E_USAGE);
}
if (Uflg && gflg) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: options %s and %s conflict\n"),
Prog, "-U", "-g");
usage (E_USAGE);
}
if (Uflg && Nflg) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: options %s and %s conflict\n"),
Prog, "-U", "-N");
usage (E_USAGE);
}
if (mflg && Mflg) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: options %s and %s conflict\n"),
Prog, "-m", "-M");
usage (E_USAGE);
}
/*
* Either -D or username is required. Defaults can be set with -D
* for the -b, -e, -f, -g, -s options only.
*/
if (Dflg) {
if (optind != argc) {
usage (E_USAGE);
}
if (uflg || Gflg || dflg || cflg || mflg) {
usage (E_USAGE);
}
} else {
if (optind != argc - 1) {
usage (E_USAGE);
}
user_name = argv[optind];
if (!is_valid_user_name (user_name)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"),
Prog, user_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
exit (E_BAD_ARG);
}
if (!dflg) {
char *uh;
size_t len = strlen (def_home) + strlen (user_name) + 2;
int wlen;
uh = xmalloc (len);
wlen = snprintf (uh, len, "%s/%s", def_home, user_name);
assert (wlen == (int) len -1);
user_home = uh;
}
}
if (!eflg) {
user_expire = strtoday (def_expire);
}
if (!gflg) {
user_gid = def_group;
}
if (!sflg) {
user_shell = def_shell;
}
create_mail_spool = def_create_mail_spool;
if (!rflg) {
/* for system accounts defaults are ignored and we
* do not create a home dir */
if (getdef_bool ("CREATE_HOME")) {
mflg = true;
}
}
if (Mflg) {
/* absolutely sure that we do not create home dirs */
mflg = false;
}
}
/*
* close_files - close all of the files that were opened
*
* close_files() closes all of the files that were opened for this
* new user. This causes any modified entries to be written out.
*/
static void close_files (void)
{
if (pw_close () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", pw_dbname ()));
fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
}
if (is_shadow_pwd && (spw_close () == 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", spw_dbname ()));
fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
}
if (do_grp_update) {
if (gr_close () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", gr_dbname ()));
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
if (is_shadow_grp && (sgr_close () == 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"),
Prog, sgr_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sgr_dbname ()));
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
#endif
}
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
if (is_sub_uid && (sub_uid_close () == 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sub_uid_dbname ()));
fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
}
if (is_sub_gid && (sub_gid_close () == 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failure while writing changes to %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failure while writing changes to %s", sub_gid_dbname ()));
fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
if (is_shadow_pwd) {
if (spw_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, spw_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", spw_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking shadow file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
spw_locked = false;
}
if (pw_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", pw_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking passwd file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
pw_locked = false;
if (gr_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", gr_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking group file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
gr_locked = false;
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
if (is_shadow_grp) {
if (sgr_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sgr_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sgr_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking gshadow file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
sgr_locked = false;
}
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
if (is_sub_uid) {
if (sub_uid_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_uid_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking subordinate user file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
sub_uid_locked = false;
}
if (is_sub_gid) {
if (sub_gid_unlock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: failed to unlock %s\n"), Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
SYSLOG ((LOG_ERR, "failed to unlock %s", sub_gid_dbname ()));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"unlocking subordinate group file",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
/* continue */
}
sub_gid_locked = false;
}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
}
/*
* open_files - lock and open the password files
*
* open_files() opens the two password files.
*/
static void open_files (void)
{
if (pw_lock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
Prog, pw_dbname ());
exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
}
pw_locked = true;
if (pw_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, pw_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
}
/* shadow file will be opened by open_shadow(); */
/*
* Lock and open the group file.
*/
if (gr_lock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
Prog, gr_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
gr_locked = true;
if (gr_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: cannot open %s\n"), Prog, gr_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
if (is_shadow_grp) {
if (sgr_lock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
Prog, sgr_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
sgr_locked = true;
if (sgr_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
Prog, sgr_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
}
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
if (is_sub_uid) {
if (sub_uid_lock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
}
sub_uid_locked = true;
if (sub_uid_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
}
}
if (is_sub_gid) {
if (sub_gid_lock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
}
sub_gid_locked = true;
if (sub_gid_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
Prog, sub_gid_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
}
}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
}
static void open_shadow (void)
{
if (!is_shadow_pwd) {
return;
}
if (spw_lock () == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot lock %s; try again later.\n"),
Prog, spw_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
}
spw_locked = true;
if (spw_open (O_CREAT | O_RDWR) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot open %s\n"),
Prog, spw_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
}
}
static char *empty_list = NULL;
/*
* new_grent - initialize the values in a group file entry
*
* new_grent() takes all of the values that have been entered and fills
* in a (struct group) with them.
*/
static void new_grent (struct group *grent)
{
memzero (grent, sizeof *grent);
grent->gr_name = (char *) user_name;
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
if (is_shadow_grp) {
grent->gr_passwd = SHADOW_PASSWD_STRING; /* XXX warning: const */
} else
#endif /* SHADOWGRP */
{
grent->gr_passwd = "!"; /* XXX warning: const */
}
grent->gr_gid = user_gid;
grent->gr_mem = &empty_list;
}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
/*
* new_sgent - initialize the values in a shadow group file entry
*
* new_sgent() takes all of the values that have been entered and fills
* in a (struct sgrp) with them.
*/
static void new_sgent (struct sgrp *sgent)
{
memzero (sgent, sizeof *sgent);
sgent->sg_name = (char *) user_name;
sgent->sg_passwd = "!"; /* XXX warning: const */
sgent->sg_adm = &empty_list;
sgent->sg_mem = &empty_list;
}
#endif /* SHADOWGRP */
/*
* grp_add - add new group file entries
*
* grp_add() writes the new records to the group files.
*/
static void grp_add (void)
{
struct group grp;
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
struct sgrp sgrp;
#endif /* SHADOWGRP */
/*
* Create the initial entries for this new group.
*/
new_grent (&grp);
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
new_sgent (&sgrp);
#endif /* SHADOWGRP */
/*
* Write out the new group file entry.
*/
if (gr_update (&grp) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
Prog, gr_dbname (), grp.gr_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_GROUP, Prog,
"adding group",
grp.gr_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
/*
* Write out the new shadow group entries as well.
*/
if (is_shadow_grp && (sgr_update (&sgrp) == 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
Prog, sgr_dbname (), sgrp.sg_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_GROUP, Prog,
"adding group",
grp.gr_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_GRP_UPDATE);
}
#endif /* SHADOWGRP */
SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO, "new group: name=%s, GID=%u", user_name, user_gid));
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_GROUP, Prog,
"adding group",
grp.gr_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
do_grp_update = true;
}
static void faillog_reset (uid_t uid)
{
struct faillog fl;
int fd;
off_t offset_uid = (off_t) (sizeof fl) * uid;
if (access (FAILLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) {
return;
}
memzero (&fl, sizeof (fl));
fd = open (FAILLOG_FILE, O_RDWR);
if ( (-1 == fd)
|| (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid)
|| (write (fd, &fl, sizeof (fl)) != (ssize_t) sizeof (fl))
|| (fsync (fd) != 0)
|| (close (fd) != 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to reset the faillog entry of UID %lu: %s\n"),
Prog, (unsigned long) uid, strerror (errno));
SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "failed to reset the faillog entry of UID %lu", (unsigned long) uid));
/* continue */
}
}
static void lastlog_reset (uid_t uid)
{
struct lastlog ll;
int fd;
off_t offset_uid = (off_t) (sizeof ll) * uid;
if (access (LASTLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) {
return;
}
memzero (&ll, sizeof (ll));
fd = open (LASTLOG_FILE, O_RDWR);
if ( (-1 == fd)
|| (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid)
|| (write (fd, &ll, sizeof (ll)) != (ssize_t) sizeof (ll))
|| (fsync (fd) != 0)
|| (close (fd) != 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to reset the lastlog entry of UID %lu: %s\n"),
Prog, (unsigned long) uid, strerror (errno));
SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN, "failed to reset the lastlog entry of UID %lu", (unsigned long) uid));
/* continue */
}
}
/*
* usr_update - create the user entries
*
* usr_update() creates the password file entries for this user
* and will update the group entries if required.
*/
static void usr_update (void)
{
struct passwd pwent;
struct spwd spent;
/*
* Fill in the password structure with any new fields, making
* copies of strings.
*/
new_pwent (&pwent);
new_spent (&spent);
/*
* Create a syslog entry. We need to do this now in case anything
* happens so we know what we were trying to accomplish.
*/
SYSLOG ((LOG_INFO,
"new user: name=%s, UID=%u, GID=%u, home=%s, shell=%s",
user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,
(unsigned int) user_gid, user_home, user_shell));
/*
* Initialize faillog and lastlog entries for this UID in case
* it belongs to a previously deleted user. We do it only if
* no user with this UID exists yet (entries for shared UIDs
* are left unchanged). --marekm
*/
/* local, no need for xgetpwuid */
if ((!lflg) && (getpwuid (user_id) == NULL)) {
faillog_reset (user_id);
lastlog_reset (user_id);
}
/*
* Put the new (struct passwd) in the table.
*/
if (pw_update (&pwent) == 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
Prog, pw_dbname (), pwent.pw_name);
fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
}
/*
* Put the new (struct spwd) in the table.
*/
if (is_shadow_pwd && (spw_update (&spent) == 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry '%s'\n"),
Prog, spw_dbname (), spent.sp_namp);
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding shadow password",
user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_PW_UPDATE);
}
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
if (is_sub_uid &&
(sub_uid_add(user_name, sub_uid_start, sub_uid_count) == 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry\n"),
Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
}
if (is_sub_gid &&
(sub_gid_add(user_name, sub_gid_start, sub_gid_count) == 0)) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: failed to prepare the new %s entry\n"),
Prog, sub_uid_dbname ());
fail_exit (E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user",
user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,
SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
/*
* Do any group file updates for this user.
*/
if (do_grp_update) {
grp_update ();
}
}
/*
* create_home - create the user's home directory
*
* create_home() creates the user's home directory if it does not
* already exist. It will be created mode 755 owned by the user
* with the user's default group.
*/
static void create_home (void)
{
if (access (user_home, F_OK) != 0) {
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
if (set_selinux_file_context (user_home) != 0) {
fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);
}
#endif
/* XXX - create missing parent directories. --marekm */
if (mkdir (user_home, 0) != 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: cannot create directory %s\n"),
Prog, user_home);
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding home directory",
user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);
}
chown (user_home, user_id, user_gid);
chmod (user_home,
0777 & ~getdef_num ("UMASK", GETDEF_DEFAULT_UMASK));
home_added = true;
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding home directory",
user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,
SHADOW_AUDIT_SUCCESS);
#endif
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
/* Reset SELinux to create files with default contexts */
if (reset_selinux_file_context () != 0) {
fail_exit (E_HOMEDIR);
}
#endif
}
}
/*
* create_mail - create the user's mail spool
*
* create_mail() creates the user's mail spool if it does not already
* exist. It will be created mode 660 owned by the user and group
* 'mail'
*/
static void create_mail (void)
{
if (strcasecmp (create_mail_spool, "yes") == 0) {
const char *spool;
char *file;
int fd;
struct group *gr;
gid_t gid;
mode_t mode;
spool = getdef_str ("MAIL_DIR");
if (NULL == spool) {
spool = "/var/mail";
}
file = alloca (strlen (spool) + strlen (user_name) + 2);
sprintf (file, "%s/%s", spool, user_name);
fd = open (file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_EXCL, 0);
if (fd < 0) {
perror (_("Creating mailbox file"));
return;
}
gr = getgrnam ("mail"); /* local, no need for xgetgrnam */
if (NULL == gr) {
fputs (_("Group 'mail' not found. Creating the user mailbox file with 0600 mode.\n"),
stderr);
gid = user_gid;
mode = 0600;
} else {
gid = gr->gr_gid;
mode = 0660;
}
if ( (fchown (fd, user_id, gid) != 0)
|| (fchmod (fd, mode) != 0)) {
perror (_("Setting mailbox file permissions"));
}
fsync (fd);
close (fd);
}
}
/*
* encrypt_passwd - encrypt user's passwd
*
* for the convenience of using the useradd command,
* we have extended the encryption generation of passwords
* (the default input password may be a prerequisite for plaintext)
*
*/
static const char *encrypt_passwd(const char *passwd)
{
if(passwd == NULL)
{
fprintf (stderr,_("%s: Invalid passwd,you need check again.\n"), Prog);
return NULL;
}
/* METHOD: NONE | DES | MD5 | SHA256 | SHA512 */
if((0 != strcmp (crypt_method, "NONE")))
{
void *arg = NULL;
#ifdef USE_SHA_CRYPT
if ((0 == strcmp(crypt_method, "SHA256"))||(0 == strcmp(crypt_method, "SHA512")))
{
arg = &sha_rounds;
}
#endif
char *salt = crypt_make_salt(crypt_method, arg);
return pw_encrypt(passwd, salt);
}
else
return passwd;
}
/*
* main - useradd command
*/
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
#ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID
#ifdef USE_PAM
pam_handle_t *pamh = NULL;
int retval;
#endif /* USE_PAM */
#endif /* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
uid_t uid_min = (uid_t) getdef_ulong ("UID_MIN", 1000UL);
uid_t uid_max = (uid_t) getdef_ulong ("UID_MAX", 60000UL);
#endif
/*
* Get my name so that I can use it to report errors.
*/
Prog = Basename (argv[0]);
(void) setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
(void) bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
(void) textdomain (PACKAGE);
process_root_flag ("-R", argc, argv);
OPENLOG ("useradd");
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_help_open ();
#endif
sys_ngroups = sysconf (_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
user_groups = (char **) xmalloc ((1 + sys_ngroups) * sizeof (char *));
/*
* Initialize the list to be empty
*/
user_groups[0] = (char *) 0;
is_shadow_pwd = spw_file_present ();
#ifdef SHADOWGRP
is_shadow_grp = sgr_file_present ();
#endif
process_flags (argc, argv);
user_pass = encrypt_passwd(user_pass);/* Password plaintext to ciphertext */
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
is_sub_uid = sub_uid_file_present () && !rflg &&
(!user_id || (user_id <= uid_max && user_id >= uid_min));
is_sub_gid = sub_gid_file_present () && !rflg &&
(!user_id || (user_id <= uid_max && user_id >= uid_min));
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
get_defaults ();
#ifdef ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID
#ifdef USE_PAM
{
struct passwd *pampw;
pampw = getpwuid (getuid ()); /* local, no need for xgetpwuid */
if (pampw == NULL) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: Cannot determine your user name.\n"),
Prog);
fail_exit (1);
}
retval = pam_start ("useradd", pampw->pw_name, &conv, &pamh);
}
if (PAM_SUCCESS == retval) {
retval = pam_authenticate (pamh, 0);
}
if (PAM_SUCCESS == retval) {
retval = pam_acct_mgmt (pamh, 0);
}
if (PAM_SUCCESS != retval) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: PAM: %s\n"),
Prog, pam_strerror (pamh, retval));
SYSLOG((LOG_ERR, "%s", pam_strerror (pamh, retval)));
if (NULL != pamh) {
(void) pam_end (pamh, retval);
}
fail_exit (1);
}
(void) pam_end (pamh, retval);
#endif /* USE_PAM */
#endif /* ACCT_TOOLS_SETUID */
/*
* See if we are messing with the defaults file, or creating
* a new user.
*/
if (Dflg) {
if (gflg || bflg || fflg || eflg || sflg) {
exit ((set_defaults () != 0) ? 1 : 0);
}
show_defaults ();
exit (E_SUCCESS);
}
/*
* Start with a quick check to see if the user exists.
*/
if (getpwnam (user_name) != NULL) { /* local, no need for xgetpwnam */
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: user '%s' already exists\n"), Prog, user_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_NAME_IN_USE);
}
/*
* Don't blindly overwrite a group when a user is added...
* If you already have a group username, and want to add the user
* to that group, use useradd -g username username.
* --bero
*/
if (Uflg) {
/* local, no need for xgetgrnam */
if (getgrnam (user_name) != NULL) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"),
Prog, user_name);
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding group",
user_name, AUDIT_NO_ID,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_NAME_IN_USE);
}
}
/*
* Do the hard stuff:
* - open the files,
* - create the user entries,
* - create the home directory,
* - create user mail spool,
* - flush nscd caches for passwd and group services,
* - then close and update the files.
*/
open_files ();
if (!oflg) {
/* first, seek for a valid uid to use for this user.
* We do this because later we can use the uid we found as
* gid too ... --gafton */
if (!uflg) {
if (find_new_uid (rflg, &user_id, NULL) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr, _("%s: can't create user\n"), Prog);
fail_exit (E_UID_IN_USE);
}
} else {
if (getpwuid (user_id) != NULL) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: UID %lu is not unique\n"),
Prog, (unsigned long) user_id);
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding user",
user_name, (unsigned int) user_id,
SHADOW_AUDIT_FAILURE);
#endif
fail_exit (E_UID_IN_USE);
}
}
}
#ifdef WITH_TCB
if (getdef_bool ("USE_TCB")) {
if (shadowtcb_create (user_name, user_id) == SHADOWTCB_FAILURE) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: Failed to create tcb directory for %s\n"),
Prog, user_name);
fail_exit (E_UID_IN_USE);
}
}
#endif
open_shadow ();
/* do we have to add a group for that user? This is why we need to
* open the group files in the open_files() function --gafton */
if (Uflg) {
if (find_new_gid (rflg, &user_gid, &user_id) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: can't create group\n"),
Prog);
fail_exit (4);
}
grp_add ();
}
#ifdef ENABLE_SUBIDS
if (is_sub_uid) {
if (find_new_sub_uids(user_name, &sub_uid_start, &sub_uid_count) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: can't create subordinate user IDs\n"),
Prog);
fail_exit(E_SUB_UID_UPDATE);
}
}
if (is_sub_gid) {
if (find_new_sub_gids(user_name, &sub_gid_start, &sub_gid_count) < 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: can't create subordinate group IDs\n"),
Prog);
fail_exit(E_SUB_GID_UPDATE);
}
}
#endif /* ENABLE_SUBIDS */
usr_update ();
if (mflg) {
create_home ();
if (home_added) {
copy_tree (def_template, user_home, false, false,
(uid_t)-1, user_id, (gid_t)-1, user_gid);
} else {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: warning: the home directory already exists.\n"
"Not copying any file from skel directory into it.\n"),
Prog);
}
}
/* Do not create mail directory for system accounts */
if (!rflg) {
create_mail ();
}
close_files ();
#ifdef WITH_SELINUX
if (Zflg) {
if (set_seuser (user_name, user_selinux) != 0) {
fprintf (stderr,
_("%s: warning: the user name %s to %s SELinux user mapping failed.\n"),
Prog, user_name, user_selinux);
#ifdef WITH_AUDIT
audit_logger (AUDIT_ADD_USER, Prog,
"adding SELinux user mapping",
user_name, (unsigned int) user_id, 0);
#endif /* WITH_AUDIT */
fail_exit (E_SE_UPDATE);
}
}
#endif /* WITH_SELINUX */
nscd_flush_cache ("passwd");
nscd_flush_cache ("group");
return E_SUCCESS;
}
至此，useradd事件告一段落。
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