目的:
通过谷歌的zxing工具生成支付宝和微信均可扫描的二维码。
步骤:
1 添加maven依赖
地址: https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.zxing/core
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
<artifactId>core</artifactId>
<version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>
2 编码实现二维码生成工具类
(1)工具类 QRCodeUtil
public class QRCodeUtil {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QRCodeUtil.class);
public static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
public static final String FORMAT_NAME = "png";
private static final int BLACK = 0xFF000000;
private static final int WHITE = 0xFFFFFFFF;
// 二维码尺寸
private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
// LOGO宽度
private static final int WIDTH = 60;
// LOGO高度
private static final int HEIGHT = 60;
public static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
//设置二维码四周空白大小
hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE,
hints);
int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? BLACK : WHITE);
}
}
if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
return image;
}
// 插入图片
QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
return image;
}
private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
File file = new File(imgPath);
if (!file.exists()) {
logger.error("" + imgPath + " 该文件不存在!");
return;
}
Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
int width = src.getWidth(null);
int height = src.getHeight(null);
if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
if (width > WIDTH) {
width = WIDTH;
}
if (height > HEIGHT) {
height = HEIGHT;
}
Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
// 绘制缩小后的图
g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
g.dispose();
src = image;
}
// 插入LOGO
Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
graph.draw(shape);
graph.dispose();
}
public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) {
BufferedImage image = null;
try {
image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
logger.info("图片为:"+image);
mkdirs(destPath);
ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath));
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("创建二维码失败:{}",e);
}
}
public static BufferedImage encode(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
return image;
}
public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
File file = new File(destPath);
// 当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
file.mkdirs();
}
}
public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception {
QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
}
public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
}
public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress)
throws Exception {
BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
}
public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception {
QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
}
public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
BufferedImage image;
image = ImageIO.read(file);
if (image == null) {
return null;
}
BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
Result result;
Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
String resultStr = result.getText();
return resultStr;
}
public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 存放在二维码中的内容
String text = "https://me.csdn.net/DJLDYHZSZ";
// 嵌入二维码的图片路径
String filePath = QRCodeUtil.class.getClass().getResource("/").getPath();
System.out.println(filePath.substring(1,filePath.length()));
String imgPath = filePath+"META-INF/resources/images/background.jpg";
// 生成的二维码的路径及名称
String destPath = filePath.substring(1,filePath.length())+"META-INF/resources/images/QRCode.png";
//生成二维码
QRCodeUtil.encode(text, imgPath, destPath, true);
// 解析二维码
String str = QRCodeUtil.decode(destPath);
// 打印出解析出的内容
System.out.println(str);
}
}
(2)工具类BufferedImageLuminanceSource
作用:这个类层次的目的是抽象在不同平台上的位图,实现成一个标准的接口用于请求灰度的亮度值。
public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
private final BufferedImage image;
private final int left;
private final int top;
private static final int black = 0xFF000000;
private static final int white = 0xFFFFFFFF;
public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
}
public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
super(width, height);
int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
}
for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & black) == 0) {
image.setRGB(x, y, white);
}
}
}
this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
this.left = left;
this.top = top;
}
@Override
public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
}
int width = getWidth();
if (row == null || row.length < width) {
row = new byte[width];
}
image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
return row;
}
@Override
public byte[] getMatrix() {
int width = getWidth();
int height = getHeight();
int area = width * height;
byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
return matrix;
}
@Override
public boolean isCropSupported() {
return true;
}
@Override
public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);
}
@Override
public boolean isRotateSupported() {
return true;
}
@Override
public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
g.dispose();
int width = getWidth();
return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
}
}
3 将二维码展示给前端
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/auth/qrCode/*")
public class QRCodeController {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QRCodeController.class);
/**
* 生成不带背景图片的二维码
* @param context
* @param response
*/
@GetMapping("getQRCode.htm")
public void getQRCode(@RequestParam String context, HttpServletResponse response) {
String filename = "QRCode.png";
try {
//BufferedImage 转 InputStream
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ImageOutputStream imageOutput = null;
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(context)){
throw new ValidateException("二维码内容不为空");
}
BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(context, null, Boolean.TRUE);
imageOutput = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
ImageIO.write(image, "png", imageOutput);
InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());
long length = imageOutput.length();
response.setContentType("application/x-msdownload");
response.setContentLength((int)length);
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+new String(filename.getBytes(QRCodeUtil.CHARSET),"iso-8859-1"));
//输出流
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
long count = 0;
while(count < length){
int len = inputStream.read(bytes, 0, 1024);
count +=len;
outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
outputStream.flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("创建二维码失败:{}",e);
}
}
/**
* 生成带背景图片的二维码 ——暂时不用
* @param context
* @param response
*/
@GetMapping("getQRCodeByBackgroundImag.htm")
public void getQRCodeByBackgroundImag(String context,HttpServletResponse response) {
String filename = "QRCode.png";
try {
//BufferedImage 转 InputStream
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ImageOutputStream imageOutput = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
Resource resource = SpringContextHolder.getApplicationContext().getResource("classpath:");
File file = resource.getFile();
BufferedImage backgroundImage = QRCodeUtil.createImage("https://blog.csdn.net/static_coder/article/details/78972800", file.getPath() + "/META-INF/resources/images/background.jpg", Boolean.TRUE);
String destPath = file.getPath() + "/META-INF/resources/images/dest.png";
QRCodeUtil.mkdirs(destPath);
ImageIO.write(backgroundImage, QRCodeUtil.FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath));
// 生成二维码
BufferedImage destImage =ImageIO.read(new File(destPath));
ImageIO.write(destImage, "png", imageOutput);
InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());
long length = imageOutput.length();
response.setContentType("application/x-msdownload");
response.setContentLength((int)length);
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+new String(filename.getBytes("gbk"),"iso-8859-1"));
//输出流
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
long count = 0;
while(count < length){
int len = inputStream.read(bytes, 0, 1024);
count +=len;
outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
outputStream.flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("创建二维码失败:{}", e);
}
}
}
4 浏览器中展示:
在浏览器中输入地址 :https://项目域名/auth/qrCode/getQRCode.htm?context=https://me.csdn.net/DJLDYHZSZ
其中context指的的微信或支付宝扫描二维码后进入的网址。
展示二维码如下:
扫描二维码,即可进入我的博客。
注意:如果想生成带背景图片的二维码,只需要在浏览器中请求Controller中的第二个方法即可。