Angular -- Service & Dependency Injection

 Service

• A service is typically a class with a narrow, well-defined purpose. It should do something specific and do it well.
• Every module is defined with a @Injectable decorator.
• Then you can inject a service into a component, giving the component access to that service class.

• Cli: ng g s <service name> 

      import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
 
      @Injectable({
        providedIn: 'root'
      })
      export class TestServiceService {
 
        constructor() { }
 
      }

---

Definition:

• Dependencies -- services which have a functionality, but not limited to services
• Functionality -- Something needed by components and directives in the application
• Injection -- A mechanism provided by Angular to provide services to components and directives

Dependency

An Angular service declared with an @Injectable decorator.

@Injectable({ 
    providedIn: 'root'
})

Providing

Register provider at a specific level to limit the service availability.

Root level 

This allows the service to be have global availability.

To do this, you register in the service class itself:

@Injectable({
 providedIn: 'root',
})

Module level

This allows the service to be available in a particular module.

To do this, you register in the module class:

@NgModule({
  providers: [
  BackendService,
  Logger
 ],
 …
})

Component level

This allows the service to be available in a particular component.

To do this, you register in the component class:

@Component({
  selector:    'app-hero-list',
  templateUrl: './hero-list.component.html',
  providers:  [ HeroService ]
})

Injection

• In the component needing the service
  1. Import the service class
  2. Declare an instance of the class
• Boom! the service is now usable in the component!

import { XXXService } from '.....';
/* ... */
constructor(private xxxService:XXXService) { }

Under the hood injection machanism:

• XXXService is registered as a component dependency
• Angular search the injector for existing service instance
  • if exist, return and inject that instance
  • if not, use provider (service class) to create instance then inject