2022年3月22日：使用Rust迈出第一步--设置Rust开发环境？

简介

若要使用 Rust 进行编程，需安装 Visual Studio Code 编辑器、适用于 Visual Studio Code 的 Microsoft C++ 生成工具和 Rust 语言文件。

安装Visual Studio Code

Rust源文件是文件扩展名为.rs的文本文件。在文本文件中保存代码后，使用Rust编译器（rustc)或Cargo将代码编译成程序。

用于编写Rust代码的工具

在Windows上安装 Visual Studio Code

步骤1-下载安装程序

步骤2-启动安装程序

步骤3-启动Visual Studio Code

安装Visual C++生成工具

Rust需要Visual Studio的Microsoft C++生成工具。必须先安装这些编译工具，然后才能安装Rust。

1、登陆Microsoft Visual Studio下载页面

2、选择“下载生成工具”。

3、下载完成后，运行安装程序文件。

4、在弹出窗口中，选择“是”。在下一个弹出对话框中，选择“继续”。

5、在安装程序窗口中的“桌面应用和移动应用”下，选中左侧“C++生成工具”选项的复选框。

6、在左侧的“安装详细信息”窗格中，确保选中以下选项：

7、在右下角，选择“安装”。

安装Rust

请到网站rustup.rs查找操作系统 的相应说明。

Rust有一个为期六周的快速发布过程，并且大量的平台。

PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust> rustup update
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
696.7 KiB / 696.7 KiB (100 %) 202.5 KiB/s in  4s ETA:  0s
info: latest update on 2022-04-07, rust version 1.60.0 (7737e0b5c 2022-04-04)
info: downloading component 'cargo'
  1.9 MiB /   3.9 MiB ( 48 %) 153.6 KiB/s in 45s ETA: 13s
info: retrying download for 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2022-04-07/cargo-1.60.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz'
info: retrying download for 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2022-04-07/cargo-1.60.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz'
info: retrying download for 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2022-04-07/cargo-1.60.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz'
info: retrying download for 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2022-04-07/cargo-1.60.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz'
error: component download failed for cargo-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
info: checking for self-updates
error: could not download file from 'https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/release-stable.toml' to 'C:\Users\A-XIAO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\rustup-updateTOdYIS\release-stable.toml': failed to make network request: error sending request for url (https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/release-stable.toml): operation timed out: operation timed out

//clash
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust> rustup update
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
error: could not download file from 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/channel-rust-stable.toml.sha256' to 'C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\.rustup\tmp\5lq33lvozce3ydbb_file'
info: checking for self-updates
error: could not download file from 'https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/release-stable.toml' to 'C:\Users\A-XIAO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\rustup-updatec4nqaO\release-stable.toml': failed to make network request: error sending request for url (https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/release-stable.toml): operation timed out: operation timed out

//Shanghai
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust> rustup update
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
696.7 KiB / 696.7 KiB (100 %)  64.0 KiB/s in 11s ETA:  0s
info: latest update on 2022-04-07, rust version 1.60.0 (7737e0b5c 2022-04-04)
info: downloading component 'cargo'
  3.2 MiB /   3.9 MiB ( 82 %)  54.4 KiB/s in  2m 22s ETA: 12s
info: retrying download for 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2022-04-07/cargo-1.60.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz'
  3.9 MiB /   3.9 MiB (100 %)  73.6 KiB/s in  1m 53s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'clippy'
  1.7 MiB /   1.7 MiB (100 %) 195.4 KiB/s in 45s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
 10.5 MiB /  19.6 MiB ( 54 %)  46.5 KiB/s in  9m 22s ETA:  3m 18s
info: retrying download for 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2022-04-07/rust-docs-1.60.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz'
286.9 KiB /  19.6 MiB (  1 %)  23.6 KiB/s in  1m 59s ETA: 13m 55s
info: retrying download for 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2022-04-07/rust-docs-1.60.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz'
  2.8 MiB /  19.6 MiB ( 14 %)  67.2 KiB/s in  2m 33s ETA:  4m 15s
info: retrying download for 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2022-04-07/rust-docs-1.60.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz'
info: retrying download for 'https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/2022-04-07/rust-docs-1.60.0-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.xz'
error: component download failed for rust-docs-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
info: checking for self-updates

  stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc update failed - rustc 1.59.0 (9d1b2106e 2022-02-23)

info: cleaning up downloads & tmp directories

//Beijing
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust>

检查Rust安装

PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust> rustc --version
rustc 1.59.0 (9d1b2106e 2022-02-23)
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust> cargo --version
cargo 1.59.0 (49d8809dc 2022-02-10)
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust>

这两个输出行都包含有发行版号，提交哈希，提交日期

该信息显示为以下格式：

<executable-name> <three-part-release-number> (<9-character-hash-code> <4-digit-year>-<2-digit-month>-<2-digit-day>)

Hello World

创建一个新目录来组织代码

首先创建一个目录来存储此学习路径中的所有代码（rust-learning-path），然后创建一个新的子目录来保存此练习的源代码。

PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust> mkdir rust-learning-path


    Directory: C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust


Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-----         2022/5/14     17:40                rust-learning-path


PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust> cd /d rust-learning-path
Set-Location : A positional parameter cannot be found that accepts argument 'rust-learning-path'.
At line:1 char:1
+ cd /d rust-learning-path
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (:) [Set-Location], ParameterBindingException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : PositionalParameterNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.SetLocationCommand

PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust> cd rust-learning-path
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path> mkdir hello-world


    Directory: C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path


Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
d-----         2022/5/14     17:41                hello-world


PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path> cd hello-world
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path\hello-world>
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path\hello-world> notepad main.rs

编写第一个Rust程序：

fn main(){
	println!("Hello,World!");
}

编译并运行程序：

PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path\hello-world> rustc main.rs
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path\hello-world> .\main.exe
Hello,World!
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path\hello-world>

使用Cargo创建项目：

PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path> cargo new hello-cargo
     Created binary (application) `hello-cargo` package
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path>

此命令生成名为hello-cargo的新目录，其中包含src子目录，并添加两个文件。

 

Cargo.toml是Rust的清单文件。这个文件可用于保存项目及依赖项的元数据。

src子目录中的main.rs文件可用于编写应用程序代码。 

使用Cargo生成并运行程序：

PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path> cd hello-cargo
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path\hello-cargo> cargo run
   Compiling hello-cargo v0.1.0 (C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path\hello-cargo)
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 1.68s
     Running `target\debug\hello-cargo.exe`
Hello, world!
PS C:\Users\a-xiaobodou\OneDrive - Microsoft\Projects\Rust\rust-learning-path\hello-cargo>

Cargo已生成并执行了可执行文件。