C#语言笔记11

设计模式—观察者模式

（猫捉老鼠）

利用多播委托的方法，把猫行动的方法广播给所有的老鼠
老鼠生成的时候就添加自己的移动方法到委托里，在猫移动的时候直接调用委托，老鼠在委托里的方法就会被调用。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading;
namespace learn
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Cat newCat = new Cat("JeF", "Blue");
            Mouse[] mouses = new Mouse[100];
            int i = 0;

            Console.WriteLine("添加老鼠");

            while (true)
            {
                string MouseName;
                string MouseColor;
                Console.Write("Name:");
                MouseName = Console.ReadLine();
                Console.Write("Color:");
                MouseColor = Console.ReadLine();
                mouses[i] = new Mouse(MouseName, MouseColor);

                newCat.CatCome += mouses[i].MouseRun;//添加多播委托，让老鼠接受到委托消息，监控猫类的行动

                Console.WriteLine("是否继续添加(Y/N)?:");
                string ret = Console.ReadLine();
                if (ret == "N")
                {
                    break;
                }
            }

            while (true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("----------------");
                Console.WriteLine("--1.猫抓老鼠----");
                Console.WriteLine("--2.没有行动----");
                Console.WriteLine("----------------");
                int choose = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
                switch (choose)
                {
                    case 1:
                        newCat.CatComing();
                        Thread.Sleep(2000);
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        Console.WriteLine("猫没有任何行动");
                        break;
                }
                Console.Clear();
            }

        }
    }
    class Cat
    {
        private string name;
        private string color;

        public Cat(string name, string color)
        {
            this.Name = name;
            this.Color = color;
        }

        public string Name { get => name; private set => name = value; }
        public string Color { get => color; private set => color = value; }
        public void CatComing()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("一只猫进来了\nName:" + name + "\nColor:" + color);
            if (CatCome != null)
                CatCome();//调用委托
        }
        public Action CatCome;
    }

    class Mouse
    {
        private string name;
        private string color;

        public Mouse(string name, string color)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.color = color;
        }

        public string Name { get => name; private set => name = value; }
        public string Color { get => color; private set => color = value; }

        public void MouseRun()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("老鼠逃跑了\nName:" + name + "\nColor:" + color);
        }
    }
}

委托和事件的区别

添加事件，使该委托不会在类外被直接使用但可以被注册然后增减方法

 

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace learn
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Cat cat = new Cat("Cat1", "Blue");
            Mouse[] mouses = new Mouse[]
            {
                new Mouse("mouse1", "Blue",cat),
                new Mouse("mouse2","White",cat)
            };
            cat.CatComing();
        }
    }
    class Mouse
    {
        private string name;
        private string color;

        public Mouse(string name, string color, Cat cat)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.color = color;
            cat.Catcome += this.MouseRun;//在构造函数里添加被广播的方法
        }
        public void MouseRun()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("老鼠跑走了");
        }
    }
    class Cat
    {
        private string name;
        private string color;

        public Cat(string name, string color)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.color = color;
        }
        public void CatComing()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("猫来了");
            Catcome();
        }
        public event Action Catcome;//添加事件，使该委托不会被直接在类外使用但可以被访问增减方法
    }

}

数据的初始化和LINQ的第一个基础使用

与SQL语法相似

//
//string.Format()方法，用于将一段字符串插入另一段字符串
string s = string.Format("插入字符：{0}","被插入的字符");

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace learn
{
    class LINQ
    {
        //用于数据查询
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var pelList = new List<People>()
            {
                new People(){ Id = 1,Name="per1",Age=12,Skill="skill1",Level=2},
                new People(){ Id = 2,Name="per2",Age=22,Skill="skill2",Level=7},
                new People(){ Id = 3,Name="per3",Age=52,Skill="skill3",Level=1},
                new People(){ Id = 4,Name="per4",Age=11,Skill="skill2",Level=4},
                new People(){ Id = 5,Name="per5",Age=18,Skill="skill1",Level=2}
            };
            var SkillList = new List<Skill>()
            {
                new Skill(){Id=1 ,SkillName="skill1",SkillPower=8 },
                new Skill(){Id=2 ,SkillName="skill2",SkillPower=1 },
                new Skill(){Id=3 ,SkillName="skill3",SkillPower=5 }
            };
            //查询\
            var res = new List<People>();
            //定义一个List集合存放
            foreach (var temp in pelList)
            {
                if (temp.Level == 2)
                {
                    res.Add(temp);
                }
            }
            //foreach (var te in res)
            //{
            //    Console.WriteLine(te);
            //}

            var rest = from m in pelList
                       where m.Level == 2
                       select m;
            //表示把m的集合返回
            //代表在pelList中做查询，m是其每个元素
            //单独使用m的时候，没有指定元素，默认仍是ToString(),所以需要重写。
            foreach (var n in rest)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(n);
            }
        }
    }

    class People
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public string Skill { get; set; }
        public int Level { get; set; }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("Id:{0} Name:{1} Age:{2} Skill:{3} Level:{4}", Id, Name, Age, Skill, Level);
            //string.Format方法作用把多个字符串组合在一起
        }
    }
    class Skill
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string SkillName { get; set; }
        public int SkillPower { get; set; }
    }
}

from m in pelList        在pelList中做查询，m代表每一条数据
where m.Level == 2   查询所有Level等于2的数据
select m;                    返回m，如果需要特定的返回值可以写m.Name等，反之单独情况下需要重写ToString()方法

LINQ扩展写法

使用list.where方法来选择数据

可以看作一个过滤器，需要为这个过滤器写一个规则，通过遍历加返回布尔值判断当前数字是否符合规则并筛选。

where会自动遍历。

使用Lambda表达式可以简写代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace learn
{
    class LINQ
    {
        //用于数据查询
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var pelList = new List<People>()
            {
                new People(){ Id = 1,Name="per1",Age=12,Skill="skill1",Level=2},
                new People(){ Id = 2,Name="per2",Age=22,Skill="skill2",Level=7},
                new People(){ Id = 3,Name="per3",Age=52,Skill="skill3",Level=1},
                new People(){ Id = 4,Name="per4",Age=11,Skill="skill2",Level=4},
                new People(){ Id = 5,Name="per5",Age=18,Skill="skill1",Level=2}
            };
            var SkillList = new List<Skill>()
            {
                new Skill(){Id=1 ,SkillName="skill1",SkillPower=8 },
                new Skill(){Id=2 ,SkillName="skill2",SkillPower=1 },
                new Skill(){Id=3 ,SkillName="skill3",SkillPower=5 }
            };
            //查询\
            
           
            var res2 = pelList.Where(ret);
            //可以理解为过滤，需要写一个静态bool类型的方法作为过滤的规则
            foreach (var n in res2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(n);
            }
        }
        //作为where方法的过滤规则
        static bool ret(People pel)
        {
            if (pel.Level == 2) return true;
            return false;
        }
    }

并列查询在判断语句后添加&&即可