reference: 点击打开链接 https://blog.csdn.net/xiajun07061225/article/details/6910129
example:
original image:
after histogram:
we can see that the contrast of the latter image is higher than that of the original image.
important principles:
1. we need to guarantee that during this process, the transformation T is monotonically increasing.
2. we use the cumulative distribution function(cdf) to make the the gray-level have a uniform distribution to satisfy the first requiement.