Problem
Given two strings text1 and text2, return the length of their longest common subsequence.
A subsequence of a string is a new string generated from the original string with some characters(can be none) deleted without changing the relative order of the remaining characters. (eg, “ace” is a subsequence of “abcde” while “aec” is not). A common subsequence of two strings is a subsequence that is common to both strings.
If there is no common subsequence, return 0.
Example 1:
Input: text1 = “abcde”, text2 = “ace”
Output: 3
Explanation: The longest common subsequence is “ace” and its length is 3.
Example 2:
Input: text1 = “abc”, text2 = “abc”
Output: 3
Explanation: The longest common subsequence is “abc” and its length is 3.
Example 3:
Input: text1 = “abc”, text2 = “def”
Output: 0
Explanation: There is no such common subsequence, so the result is 0.
Constraints:
- 1 <= text1.length <= 1000
- 1 <= text2.length <= 1000
- The input strings consist of lowercase English characters only.
解题思路
这是一道很典型的动态规划题目。对于这种关于计算两个字符串之间的关系的题,大多都是定义一个二维数组, 数组中的每个元素都表示一个状态。对于这一题,我们可以定义一个二维数组 d p [ i ] [ j ] dp[i][j] dp[i][j],数组中的每一个元素表示当前状态(即text1的前 i i i个字符和text2的前 j j j个字符可以计算得出的最长子字符串,需要注意的是这里的 i i i和 j j j并不包括在内。)下最长相同子字符串的长度, 那么下一步就应该分析状态转移方程。
很明显,当我们扫描到text1的第
i
i
i个字符,text2的第
j
j
j个字符时,需要考虑这两个字符是否相等,如果这两个字符相等,很明显,计算出的结果应该是text1的前
i
−
1
i - 1
i−1和text2的前
j
−
1
j - 1
j−1个计算出的最长子字符串的长度加1,即:
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[
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=
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p
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+
1
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1
dp[i][j]=dp[i−1][j−1]+1
当两个字符不相等时,我们就需要考虑
d
p
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]
[
j
]
dp[i - 1][j]
dp[i−1][j]以及
d
p
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[
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−
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]
dp[i][j - 1]
dp[i][j−1],因为当前的两个字符已经不相等了,所以我们没有办法在原有的基础上更进一步,只能在
d
p
[
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]
[
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dp[i - 1][j]
dp[i−1][j]以及
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p
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[
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]
dp[i][j - 1]
dp[i][j−1]中选择一个最大值,即:
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p
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=
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a
x
(
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,
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)
dp[i][j] = max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1])
dp[i][j]=max(dp[i−1][j],dp[i][j−1])
代码如下:
class Solution:
def longestCommonSubsequence(self, text1: str, text2: str) -> int:
rows = len(text1) + 1
cols = len(text2) + 1
dp = [[0 for i in range(cols)] for j in range(rows)]
for i in range(1, rows):
for j in range(1, cols):
if text1[i - 1] == text2[j - 1]:
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1
else:
dp[i][j] = max(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1])
return dp[-1][-1]