释放ArcGIS Engine的Com组件的资源

释放ArcGIS Engine的Com组件的资源

问题：

使用ArcGIS Engine 的打开或读取数据时，由于资源未释放，而导致数据文件一直被占用。

如下代码：

//using ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem;
//using ESRI.ArcGIS.Geodatabase;
//using ESRI.ArcGIS.DataSourcesGDB;

//打开GDB中要素类
public static void OpenGDBFeatureClass(string path, string name)
{
	IWorkspaceFactory pWorkspaceFactory = new FileGDBWorkspaceFactoryClass(); //GDB工作空间工厂类
	IFeatureWorkspace pFeatureWorkspace = pWorkspaceFactory.OpenFromFile(path, 0) as IFeatureWorkspace; //打开GDB工作空间
	IFeatureClass pFeatureClass = pFeatureWorkspace.OpenFeatureClass(name); //打开要素类

	//遍历所有要素类
	IFeatureCursor pFeatureCursor = pFeatureClass.Search(null, false);
	IFeature pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
	while (pFeature != null)
	{
		//TODO : do something
		pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
	}
}

以上代码实现打开GDB中要素类，并遍历所有要素的功能。代码存在着一些缺陷，COM资源pFeatureWorkspace、pFeatureClass和IFeatureCursor由于未释放，即使以上函数执行结束，GDB仍会一直处于占用状态，直到程序完全关闭才会释放。

解决方法：

1、通过System.Runtime.InteropServices释放COM资源

使用命名空间using System.Runtime.InteropServices，修改以上代码后：

//using ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem;
//using ESRI.ArcGIS.Geodatabase;
//using ESRI.ArcGIS.DataSourcesGDB;
//using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
//打开GDB中要素类
public static void OpenGDBFeatureClass(string path, string name)
{
	IWorkspaceFactory pWorkspaceFactory = new FileGDBWorkspaceFactoryClass();
	IFeatureWorkspace pFeatureWorkspace = pWorkspaceFactory.OpenFromFile(path, 0) as IFeatureWorkspace; //打开GDB工作空间
	IFeatureClass pFeatureClass = pFeatureWorkspace.OpenFeatureClass(name); //打开要素类

	//遍历所有要素类
	IFeatureCursor pFeatureCursor = pFeatureClass.Search(null, false);
	IFeature pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
	while (pFeature != null)
	{
		//TODO : do something
		pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
	}
	//释放资源
	System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pFeatureCursor);
	System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pFeatureClass);
	System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(pFeatureWorkspace);
}

2、通过ComReleaser释放Com资源

ComReleaser是ArcGIS Engine用来释放Com资源的类，类的实现位于命名空间ESRI.ArcGIS.ADF.Connection.Local中。因此需先引用ESRI.ArcGIS.ADF.Connection.Local.dll，然后使用using ESRI.ArcGIS.ADF语句使用命名空间。

注意：C#程序的目标框架需要改为.NET Framework 4.0，不然可能无法正常使用ComReleaser。

改进后的代码：

//using ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem;
//using ESRI.ArcGIS.Geodatabase;
//using ESRI.ArcGIS.DataSourcesGDB;
//using ESRI.ArcGIS.ADF;

//打开GDB中要素类
public static void OpenGDBFeatureClass(string path, string name)
{
	using (ComReleaser comReleaser = new ComReleaser())
	{
		IWorkspaceFactory pWorkspaceFactory = new FileGDBWorkspaceFactoryClass();
		IFeatureWorkspace pFeatureWorkspace = pWorkspaceFactory.OpenFromFile(path, 0) as IFeatureWorkspace; //打开GDB工作空间
		comReleaser.ManageLifetime(pFeatureWorkspace); //延迟释放资源
		
		IFeatureClass pFeatureClass = pFeatureWorkspace.OpenFeatureClass(name); //打开要素类
		comReleaser.ManageLifetime(pFeatureClass); //延迟释放资源

		//遍历所有要素类
		IFeatureCursor pFeatureCursor = pFeatureClass.Search(null, false);
		comReleaser.ManageLifetime(pFeatureCursor); //延迟释放资源

		IFeature pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
		while (pFeature != null)
		{
			//TODO : do something
			pFeature = pFeatureCursor.NextFeature();
		}
	}
}

对比：

 两种方法都可以用于释放Com资源，但是第二种方法更安全，也是ArcGIS Engine官方推荐一种释放资源的方式；因为一旦程序抛出异常，或者函数提前结束，第一种方法就无法执行释放语句，但第二种方法却可以保证正常释放资源。