Python异常.md

Python异常

错误

NameError

EOFError:end of file

处理异常

可以通过try … except来处理异常状况

try:
    text = input("Enter something-->")
except EOFError:
    print("why did you do an EOF on me")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("you cancelled the operation")
else：
	print("you entered{}".format(text))

抛出异常

可以通过raise语句来引发一次异常，但要引发的异常必须是直接或间接属于异常类的派生类。

创建ShortInputException异常类型

class ShortInputException(Exception):
    def __init__(self,length,atleast):
        Exception.__init__(self)
        self.length =length
        self.atleast = atleast
try:
    text = input("Enter something -->")
    if len(text) < 3:
        raise ShortInputException(len(text),3)
except EOFError:
    print("why did you do an EOF on me?")
except ShortInputException as ex:
    print(("ShortInputException:The input was"+
           "{0} long,except at least{1}").format(ex.length,ex.atleast))
else:
    print("No exception was raised.")

Try… Finally

应该如何确保文件被正确关闭，可以通过finally块来完成。

import sys
import time

f = None
try:
    f = open("poem.txt")
    while True:
        line = f.readline()
        if len(line) == 0:
            break
        print(line,end='')
        sys.stdout.flush()
        print('Press ctrl+c now')
        time.sleep(2)
except IOError:
    print("Cloud not find file poem.txt")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("!! You cancelled the reading from the file.")
finally:
    if f:
        f.close()
    print("(Cleaning up: Closed the file.)")

sys.stdout.flush()的意义是每隔2s输出一个

with 语句

with语句可以使得过程更干净

with open("poem.txt") as f :
    for line in f:
        print(line,end='')