关于库的导入

如果这样输入：

import sklearn
sklearn.datasets.load_iris()

则会报错：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-9edfa66b871f> in <module>
      1 import sklearn
----> 2 sklearn.datasets.load_iris()

AttributeError: module 'sklearn' has no attribute 'datasets'

而这样的话：

from sklearn import datasets  
#或者
#from sklearn import *
sklearn.datasets.load_iris()

则不会报错

这是由于：when you import a package, only variables/functions/classes in the __init__.py file of that package are directly visible, not sub-packages or modules.

 直接import包的话，只有在__init__.py文件中的变量，函数，类可以直接被使用，包中的子包或者模块则不行

when you load the sub-package datasets by doing from sklearn import datasets it is automatically added to the namespace of the package sklearn. This is one of the lesser-known "traps" of the Python import system.

Also, note that if you look at the __init__.py for sklearn you will see 'datasets' as a member of __all__, but this only allows you to do： 

In [1]: from sklearn import *
In [2]: datasets
Out[2]: <module 'sklearn.datasets' from '/home/ethan/.virtualenvs/test3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/sklearn/datasets/__init__.py'>

摘抄自这个问答