伪随机数生成器 numpy.random.RandomState函数用法

伪随机数生成器

伪随机数是用确定性的算法计算出来的似来自[0,1]均匀分布的随机数序列。并不是真正的随机，但具有类似于随机数的统计特征，如均匀性，独立性。

import numpy as np

rng = np.random.RandomState(2)
ret = rng.rand(5)
print(ret)
rng = np.random.RandomState(2)
ret = rng.rand(5)
print(ret)

output

[0.4359949  0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ]
[0.4359949  0.02592623 0.54966248 0.43532239 0.4203678 ]

上面跟 numpy.random.seed() 很一样

因为是伪随机数，所以必须在rng这个变量下使用。后面的测试好像不是必须用rng这个变量。

用random.rand(), 得不到同样的值

import numpy as np

np.random.RandomState(0)
ret = np.random.rand(4)
print(ret)

np.random.RandomState(0)
ret = np.random.rand(4)
print(ret)

[0.67546704 0.80175216 0.04968078 0.25889815]
[0.82251509 0.95114405 0.69503198 0.77726581]

import numpy as np


def rng1():
    for i in range(4):
        rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
        print("i = %s" % i)
        print(rng.rand(3,2))

rng1()

output

i = 0
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
i = 1
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
i = 2
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
i = 3
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]

import numpy as np
def rng2():
    rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
    for i in range(4):
        print("i = %s" % i)
        print(rng.rand(3,2))

rng2()

output

i = 0
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
i = 1
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]
i = 2
[[0.56804456 0.92559664]
 [0.07103606 0.0871293 ]
 [0.0202184  0.83261985]]
i = 3
[[0.77815675 0.87001215]
 [0.97861834 0.79915856]
 [0.46147936 0.78052918]]

import numpy as np


def rng1():
    print("rng1")
    for i in range(4):
        rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
        print("i = %s" % i)
        print(rng.rand(3,2))
        print(rng.rand(3,2))

rng1()

def rng2():
    print("rng2")
    rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
    for i in range(4):
        print("i = %s" % i)
        print(rng.rand(3,2))

rng2()

output

rng1
i = 0
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]
i = 1
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]
i = 2
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]
i = 3
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]
rng2
i = 0
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
i = 1
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]
i = 2
[[0.56804456 0.92559664]
 [0.07103606 0.0871293 ]
 [0.0202184  0.83261985]]
i = 3
[[0.77815675 0.87001215]
 [0.97861834 0.79915856]
 [0.46147936 0.78052918]]

import numpy as np


def a_rand_seed_name_test():
    print("a_rand_seed_name_test")
    for i in range(4):
        a_rand_seed= np.random.RandomState(0)
        print("i = %s" % i)
        print(a_rand_seed.rand(3,2))
        print(a_rand_seed.rand(3,2))

a_rand_seed_name_test()

output

a_rand_seed_name_test
i = 0
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]
i = 1
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]
i = 2
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]
i = 3
[[0.5488135  0.71518937]
 [0.60276338 0.54488318]
 [0.4236548  0.64589411]]
[[0.43758721 0.891773  ]
 [0.96366276 0.38344152]
 [0.79172504 0.52889492]]