matplotlib 使用

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 

x = np.linspace(-1,1,10)
y = 2*x+1
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()

python 运行得到下面的结果

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-16,16,50)
y = 2**x
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-10,10,50)
y1 = 2*x + 2 
y2 = 2**x + 2 
plt.figure() #create a figure
plt.plot(x,y1)
plt.figure(num=3,figsize=(8,5)) #create another figure
plt.plot(x,y2)
plt.plot(x,y1,color='red',linewidth=1.0,linestyle='--')
plt.show()  #simoutaneously show the pictures

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-10,10,50)
y = 2*x + 2 

plt.figure()
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.xlabel('Label X')
plt.ylabel('Label Y')
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1,1,50)
y1 = 2*x + 1 
y2 = 2**x + 1 
plt.figure(num=3,figsize=(8,5))
plt.plot(x,y2)
plt.plot(x,y1,color='red',linewidth=1.0,linestyle='--')

plt.xlim((-1,2))
plt.ylim((1,3))
plt.xticks(np.linspace(-1,2,5))
plt.yticks([-2,-1.8,-1,1.22,3],
            [r'$really\ bad$',r'$bad$',r'$normal$',r'$good$',r'$readly\ good$'])
ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1,1,50)
y1 = 2*x + 1 
y2 = 2**x + 1 
plt.figure(num=3,figsize=(8,5))
plt.plot(x,y2)
plt.plot(x,y1,color='red',linewidth=1.0,linestyle='--')
plt.xlim((-1,2))
plt.ylim((1,3))
plt.xlabel("Label X")
plt.ylabel("Label Y")
new_ticks = np.linspace(-1,2,5)
plt.xticks(new_ticks)
plt.yticks([-2,-1.8,-1,1.22,3],
            [r'$really\ bad$',r'$bad$',r'$normal$',r'$good$',r'$really\ good$'])
line_one, = plt.plot(x,y2,label='aaa')
line_two, = plt.plot(x,y1,color='red',
                    linewidth=1.0,
                    linestyle='-.',
                    label='bbb')
plt.legend(handles=[line_one,line_two],
            labels=['aaa','bbb'],
            loc='best')
plt.show()

 

 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1,1,50)
y1 = 2*x + 1 
y2 = 2**x + 1 

plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
plt.plot(x,y2)
plt.plot(x,y1,color='red',linewidth=1.0,linestyle='--')

ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))

x0 = 1 
y0 = 2*x0 + 1 
plt.scatter(x0,y0,s=66,color='b')
plt.plot([x0,x0],[y0,0],'k-.',lw=2.5)

plt.annotate(r'$2x+1=%s$' % y0, 
            xy=(x0,y0),
            xycoords='data',
            xytext=(+30,-30),
            textcoords='offset points',
            fontsize=16,
            arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3,rad=.2'))

plt.text(0,3,
        r'$This\ is\ a\ good\ idea.\ \mu\ \sigma_i\ \alpha_t$',
        fontdict={'size':16,'color':'r'})
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(-1,1,50)
y = 2*x -1

plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
plt.plot(x,y,color='r',linewidth=10.0,alpha=0.5)
ax = plt.gca()
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))

for label in ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels():
    label.set_fontsize(12)
    label.set_bbox(dict(facecolor='y',edgecolor='None',alpha=0.7))
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

n = 1024
X = np.random.normal(0,1,n)
Y = np.random.normal(0,1,n)
T = np.arctan2(X,Y)

plt.scatter(np.arange(5),np.arange(5))
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

n = 12
X = np.arange(n)
Y1 = (1 - X/float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5,1.0,n)
Y2 = (1 - X/float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5,1.0,n)
plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
plt.bar(X,+Y1,facecolor='#9999ff',edgecolor='white')
plt.bar(X,-Y2,facecolor='#ff9999',edgecolor='white')

for x,y in zip(X,Y1):
    plt.text(x,y+0.05,'%.2f' % y, ha='center', va='bottom')

for x,y in zip(X,-Y2):
    plt.text(x,y-0.05,'%.2f' % y,ha='center',va='top')
plt.xlim(-.5,n)
plt.xticks(())
plt.ylim(-1.25,1.25)
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

def get_height(x,y):
    return (1-x/2+x**5+y**3)*np.exp(-x**2-y**2)

n = 256 
x = np.linspace(-3,3,n)
y = np.linspace(-3,3,n)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y)

plt.figure(figsize=(14,8))
plt.contourf(X,Y,get_height(X,Y),16,alpah=0.7,cmap=plt.cm.hot)
C = plt.contour(X,Y,get_height(X,Y),16,color='black',linewidth=.5)
plt.clabel(C,inline=True,fontsize=16)
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

a = np.array([0.313660827978, 0.365348418405, 0.423733120134,
              0.365348418405, 0.439599930621, 0.525083754405,
              0.423733120134, 0.525083754405, 0.651536351379]).reshape(3,3)

plt.imshow(a,interpolation='nearest',cmap='bone',origin='lower')
plt.colorbar(shrink=.90)
plt.xticks(())
plt.yticks(())
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
ax = Axes3D(fig)
X = np.arange(-4,4,0.25)
Y = np.arange(-4,4,0.25)
X,Y = np.meshgrid(X,Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z,
                rstride=1,
                cstride=1,
                cmap=plt.get_cmap('rainbow')
                )
ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=-2, cmap='rainbow')
#ax.contourf(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offest=-2, cmap='rainbow')
ax.set_zlim(-2,2)

plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.figure()
plt.subplot(2,2,1)
plt.plot([0,1],[0,1])
plt.subplot(222)
plt.plot([0,1],[0,2])
plt.subplot(223)
plt.plot([0,1],[0,3])
plt.subplot(224)
plt.plot([0,1],[0,4])
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec

plt.figure()
ax1 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(0,0),colspan=3,rowspan=1)
ax1.plot([1,2],[1,2])
ax1.set_title(r'$ax1\_title$')
ax2 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(1,0),colspan=2)
ax2.set_title(r'$ax2\_title$')
ax3 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(1,2),rowspan=2)
ax3.set_title(r'$ax3\_title$')
ax4 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(2,0))
ax4.set_title(r'$ax4\_title$')
ax5 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(2,1))
ax5.set_title(r'$ax5\_title$')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec

plt.figure()
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(3,3)
ax1 = plt.subplot(gs[0,:])
ax1.set_title(r'$ax1\_title$')

ax2 = plt.subplot(gs[1,:2])
ax2.set_title(r'$ax2\_title$')

ax3 = plt.subplot(gs[1:,2])
ax3.set_title(r'$ax3\_title$')

ax4 = plt.subplot(gs[-1,0])
ax4.set_title(r'$ax4\_title$')

ax5 = plt.subplot(gs[-1,-2])
ax5.set_title(r'$ax5\_title$')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

f,((ax11,ax12),(ax21,ax22)) = plt.subplots(2,2,sharex=True,sharey=True)
ax11.scatter([1,2],[1,2])
ax11.set_title('11')
ax12.set_title('12')
ax21.set_title('21')
ax22.set_title('22')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,6))
x = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
y = [1,3,4,2,5,8,6]

left,bottom,widht,weight = 0.1,0.1,0.8,0.8
ax1 = fig.add_axes([left,bottom,widht,weight])
ax1.plot(x,y,'r')
ax1.set_xlabel(r'$x$')
ax1.set_ylabel(r'$y$')
ax1.set_title(r'$xxInterestingxx$')

left,bottom,width,weight = 0.2,0.6,0.25,0.25
ax2 = fig.add_axes([left,bottom,width,weight])
ax2.plot(y,x,'b')
ax2.set_xlabel(r'$x$')
ax2.set_ylabel(r'$y$')
ax2.set_title(r'$title\ inside\ 1$')

plt.axes([0.6,0.2,0.25,0.25])
plt.plot(y[::-1],x,'g')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title(r'$title\ inside\ 2$')

plt.show()

 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np

x = np.arange(0,10,0.1)
y1 = 0.05 * x**2
y2 = -1 * y1

fig,ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax1.plot(x,y1,'g-')
ax2.plot(x,y2,'b--')
ax1.set_xlabel(r'$X\ data$',fontsize=16)
ax1.set_ylabel(r'$Y1$',color='g',fontsize=16)
ax2.set_ylabel(r'$Y2$',color='b',fontsize=16)
plt.show()