Linux线程同步之条件变量

1、函数用法

（1）初始化条件变量

#include <pthread.h>
pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; // 初始化条件变量
int pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond, const pthread_condattr_t *attr);
// if(attr == NULL) -> 默认初始化；else -> 以attr属性初始化条件变量
int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond); // 销毁条件变量
返回值：成功返回0，失败返回错误号

(2）使用条件变量

条件变量和互斥量一同使用

int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex); // 阻塞等待信号
int pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *cond, pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const struct timespec *abstime); // 超时等待信号
pthread_cond_wait函数流程：
1、给mutex解锁；2、等待条件；3、条件触发，mutex加锁。(3步是原子操作)
// 所谓原子操作是指不会被线程调度机制打断的操作，即第三步是条件触发和mutex加锁都成功
int pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *cond); // 发送给一个或多个线程信号
int pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *cond); // 发送给全部线程信号
返回值：成功返回0，失败返回错误号

/*************************************************************************
    > File Name: cond.c
    > Author: hsz
    > Mail:
    > Created Time:
 ************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>

pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
pthread_cond_t *gpCond = &cond;
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_mutex_t *gpMutex = &mutex;

int msleep(uint32_t ms)
{
    struct timeval time;
    int second = ms / 1000;
    int us = (ms - second * 1000) * 1000;
    time.tv_sec = ms / 1000;
    time.tv_usec = us;
    
    return select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &time);
}

void postSignal(int arg)
{
    //pthread_cond_signal(gpCond);
    pthread_cond_broadcast(gpCond);
}

void *thread1(void *arg)
{
    while (1)
    {
        pthread_cond_wait(gpCond, gpMutex);
        printf("**thread1 obtained mutex\n");
        msleep(100);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(gpMutex);
        printf("**thread1 unlock mutex\n");
    }
}

void *thread2(void *arg)
{
    while (1)
    {
        pthread_cond_wait(gpCond, gpMutex);
        printf("--thread2 obtained mutex\n");
        msleep(200);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(gpMutex);
        printf("--thread2 unlock mutex\n");
    }
}

int main(char **argv, int argc)
{
    signal(SIGALRM, postSignal);

    pthread_t tid[2];
    pthread_create(&tid[0], NULL, thread1, NULL);
    pthread_create(&tid[1], NULL, thread2, NULL);
    pthread_join(tid[0], NULL);
    pthread_join(tid[1], NULL);
    return 0;
}