Django实战项目-01项目框架搭建

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-31 17:24:33 发布

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分类专栏： Django 文章标签： python django

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Delusional/article/details/105246168

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项目所需要的第三方库

python版本：python 3.5
pip安装的第三方库（重要的，需要注意的已经用红色方框标明）

其中Django1.8.2最高兼容python3.5，如果安装了python更高版本，则对应的Django版本也需要更高。
redis版本和celery也存在一定的兼容关系，已知celery最新版本（4.4）对应的redis版本最低为3.2.0，而安装了更低版本的celery，如图中的3.1.25则对redis的版本也有要求，3.1.25的cerely在异步发送邮件时（后续会说明），redis3.0及以上的版本都会报错，所以这里使用了redis2.8.0

Django项目框架搭建

1.文件目录

其中：db文件夹存放模型类的基类，其他的模型类继承该BaseModel类，代码如下：

from django.db import models


class BaseModel(models.Model):
    '''模型抽象基类'''
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='更新时间')
    is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='删除标记')

    class Meta:
        # 说明是一个抽象模型类
        abstract = True

2.manage.py常用指令：

python manage.py startapp appname
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py runserver

3.setting.py


# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os
import sys

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))
# 项目的应用存放在apps目录下，加上这行代码，在之后需要用到应用时，可以不带上前面的apps

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'c#8yfxr40bq+k&xo@iy5@7e+&i6ib30h)np=pfvsrka6_(#$cc'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'tinymce',    # 富文本编辑器，需要安装相应的第三方库
    'user',
    'goods',
    'cart',
    'order',
)
# 注册项目的应用

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'dailyfresh3.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'dailyfresh3.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'dailyfresh',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': 3306,
    }
}
# mysql数据库配置

# django认证系统使用的模型类，十分重要的一个配置
AUTH_USER_MODEL='user.User'

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# 选择语言和时区


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]

# 富文本编辑器配置，固定
TINYMCE_DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
    'theme': 'advance',
    'width': 600,
    'height': 400,
}

# 发送邮件配置
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
# smpt服务地址
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.163.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 25
# 发送邮件的邮箱
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'zhangheng_tust@163.com'
# 在邮箱中设置的客户端授权密码
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'EWHOFGKCGSTFIJQT'
# 收件人看到的发件人
EMAIL_FROM = '天天生鲜<zhangheng_tust@163.com>'


# # Django的缓存配置
# CACHES = {
#     "default": {
#         "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
#         "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/9",
#         "OPTIONS": {
#             "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
#         }
#     }
# }

# # 配置session存储
# SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache"
# SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = "default"

4.项目的urls和应用的urls

项目的urls：

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^tinymce/', include('tinymce.urls')), # 富文本编辑器
    url(r'^user/', include('user.urls', namespace='user')), # 用户模块
    url(r'^cart/', include('cart.urls', namespace='cart')), # 购物车模块
    url(r'^order/', include('order.urls', namespace='order')), # 订单模块
    url(r'^', include('goods.urls', namespace='goods')), # 商品模块
]

其余应用的urls通过后面的代码展示

5.python与数据库交互，需要在__init__.py中加上两行代码，其中pymysql库需要安装后使用

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

6.模型类代码：

cart/models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


# 暂无模型

goods/models.py

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
from tinymce.models import HTMLField
# Create your models here.


class GoodsType(BaseModel):
    '''商品类型模型类'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='种类名称')
    logo = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='标识')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='type', verbose_name='商品类型图片')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_type'
        verbose_name = '商品种类'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class GoodsSKU(BaseModel):
    '''商品SKU模型类'''
    status_choices = (
        (0, '下线'),
        (1, '上线'),
    )
    type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品种类')
    goods = models.ForeignKey('Goods', verbose_name='商品SPU')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品名称')
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='商品简介')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
    unite = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品单位')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='商品图片')
    stock = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品库存')
    sales = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='商品销量')
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=status_choices, verbose_name='商品状态')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_sku'
        verbose_name = '商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Goods(BaseModel):
    '''商品SPU模型类'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品SPU名称')
    # 富文本类型:带有格式的文本
    detail = HTMLField(blank=True, verbose_name='商品详情')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods'
        verbose_name = '商品SPU'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class GoodsImage(BaseModel):
    '''商品图片模型类'''
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='图片路径')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_image'
        verbose_name = '商品图片'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首页轮播商品展示模型类'''
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='图片')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_banner'
        verbose_name = '首页轮播商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexTypeGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首页分类商品展示模型类'''
    DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES = (
        (0, "标题"),
        (1, "图片")
    )

    type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品类型')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    display_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES, verbose_name='展示类型')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_type_goods'
        verbose_name = "主页分类展示商品"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexPromotionBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首页促销活动模型类'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='活动名称')
    url = models.URLField(verbose_name='活动链接')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='活动图片')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_promotion'
        verbose_name = "主页促销活动"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

order/models.py

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class OrderInfo(BaseModel):
    '''订单模型类'''
    PAY_METHOD_CHOICES = (
        (1, '货到付款'),
        (2, '微信支付'),
        (3, '支付宝'),
        (4, '银联支付')
    )

    ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES = (
        (1, '待支付'),
        (2, '待发货'),
        (3, '待收货'),
        (4, '待评价'),
        (5, '已完成')
    )

    order_id = models.CharField(max_length=128, primary_key=True, verbose_name='订单id')
    user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', verbose_name='用户')
    addr = models.ForeignKey('user.Address', verbose_name='地址')
    pay_method = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=PAY_METHOD_CHOICES, default=3, verbose_name='支付方式')
    total_count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数量')
    total_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品总价')
    transit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2,verbose_name='订单运费')
    order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES, default=1, verbose_name='订单状态')
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='支付编号')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_info'
        verbose_name = '订单'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class OrderGoods(BaseModel):
    '''订单商品模型类'''
    order = models.ForeignKey('OrderInfo', verbose_name='订单')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('goods.GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数目')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
    comment = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='评论')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_goods'
        verbose_name = '订单商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

user/models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class User(AbstractUser, BaseModel):
    '''用户模型类'''

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_user'
        verbose_name = '用户'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Address(BaseModel):
    '''地址模型类'''
    user = models.ForeignKey('User', verbose_name='所属账户')
    receiver = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='收件人')
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='收件地址')
    zip_code = models.CharField(max_length=6, null=True, verbose_name='邮政编码')
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='联系电话')
    is_default = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否默认')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_address'
        verbose_name = '地址'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

7.执行迁移命令，在数据库生成对应的数据表，最后启动服务器，验证是否正确运行。

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Django实战项目-01项目框架搭建

项目所需要的第三方库python版本：python 3.5 pip安装的第三方库（重要的，需要注意的已经用红色方框标明）其中Django1.8.2最高兼容python3.5，如果安装了python更高版本，则对应的Django版本也需要更高。 redis版本和celery也存在一定的兼容关系，已知celery最新版本（4.4）对应的redis版本最低为3.2.0，而安装了更低版本的c...
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