问题及代码:
/*
*Copyright (c)2015,烟台大学计算机与控制工程学院
*All rights reserved.
*文件名称:project.cpp
*作 者:陈文青
*完成日期:2015年4月29日
*版 本 号:v1.0
*
*问题描述:定义一个定义完整的类(是可以当作独立的产品发布,成为众多项目中的“基础工程”)。这样的类在(2)的基础上,
扩展+、-、*、/运算符的功能,使之能与double型数据进行运算。设Complex c; double d; c+d和d+c的结果为“将d视为实部为d的复数同c相加”,其他-、*、/运算符类似。
*程序输入:
*程序输出:
*/
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
Complex()
{
real=0;
imag=0;
}
Complex(double r,double i)
{
real=r;
imag=i;
}
//运算符重载函数的声明要考虑全面
friend Complex operator+(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
friend Complex operator+(const Complex &c1,double d2);
friend Complex operator+(double d1,const Complex &c2);
friend Complex operator-(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
friend Complex operator-(const Complex &c1,double d2);
friend Complex operator-(double d1,const Complex &c2);
friend Complex operator*(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
friend Complex operator*(const Complex &c1,double d2);
friend Complex operator*(double d1,const Complex &c2);
friend Complex operator/(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
friend Complex operator/(const Complex &c1,double d2);
friend Complex operator/(double d1,const Complex &c2);
void display(); //用于复数的输出
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
//下面定义成员函数
void Complex::display()
{
cout<<real;
if(imag>=0)
cout<<"+";
cout<<imag<<"i"<<endl;
}
//下面为友元函数
Complex operator+(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{
Complex c(c1.real+c2.real,c1.imag+c2.imag);
return c;
}
Complex operator+(const Complex &c1,double d2)
{
Complex c(c1.real+d2,c1.imag);
return c;
}
//如上个运算符重载函数,可以实部相加,虚数相加,也可以像这个重载函数,充分利用以前定义的函数,达到简化目的
//或许加法运算看不清楚这样做的方便性,但是在乘除法运算中,便可以充分体会到这样做的好处
Complex operator+(double d1,const Complex &c2)
{
Complex c(d1,0);
return c+c2;
}
Complex operator-(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{
Complex c(c1.real-c2.real,c1.imag-c2.imag);
return c;
}
Complex operator-(const Complex &c1,double d2)
{
Complex c(d2,0);
return c1-c;
}
Complex operator-(double d1,const Complex &c2)
{
Complex c(d1,0);
return c-c2;
}
//复数相乘:(a+bi)(c+di)=(ac-bd)+(bc+ad)i.
Complex operator*(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{
Complex c;
c.real=c1.real*c2.real-c1.imag*c2.imag;
c.imag=c1.imag*c2.real+c1.real*c2.imag;
return c;
}
Complex operator*(const Complex &c1,double d2)
{
Complex c(d2,0);
return c*c1;
}
Complex operator*(double d1,const Complex &c2)
{
Complex c(d1,0);
return c*c2;
}
//复数相除:(a+bi)/(c+di)=(ac+bd)/(c^2+d^2) +(bc-ad)/(c^2+d^2)i
Complex operator/(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{
{
Complex c;
c.real=(c1.real*c2.real+c1.imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
c.imag=(c1.imag*c2.real-c1.real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
return c;
}
}
Complex operator/(const Complex &c1,double d2)
{
Complex c(d2,0);
return c1/c;
}
Complex operator/(double d1,const Complex &c2)
{
Complex c(d1,0);
return c/c2;
}
//下面定义用于测试的main()函数,一定要全面
int main()
{
Complex c1(1,2),c2(3,-1),c3;
cout<<"c1=";
c1.display();
cout<<"c2=";
c2.display();
cout<<"c1+c2=";
c3=c1+c2;
c3.display();
cout<<"c1+5=";
c3=c1+5;
c3.display();
cout<<"1+c2=";
c3=1+c2;
c3.display();
cout<<"c1-c2=";
c3=c1-c2;
c3.display();
cout<<"c1-3=";
c3=c1-3;
c3.display();
cout<<"3-c1=";
c3=3-c1;
c3.display();
cout<<"c1*c2=";
c3=c1*c2;
c3.display();
cout<<"0*c1=";
c3=0*c1;
c3.display();
cout<<"c1*1=";
c3=c1*1;
c3.display();
cout<<"c1/c2=";
c3=c1/c2;
c3.display();
cout<<"c1/1=";
c3=c1/1;
c3.display();
cout<<"0/c2=";
c3=0/c2;
c3.display();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
知识点总结:
运算符重载
学习心得:
在运算符重载中,一定要考虑好所有的运算。并且考虑好构建运算符的运算法则。
所以程序设计和数学是密不可分的。
还有就是,在考虑运算符的结合率之类的情况的时候,可以利用已经定义好的运算符,达到简化程序的目的