字符串
1.什么是字符串
-
用引号引起来的一串字符。
-
用引号来创建字符串。
-
单引号
-
双引号
-
三单引号
-
三双引号
-
name="hangzhou"
area='gongshu'
history="5000"
famous_person="""苏轼,白素贞,丁义阔"""
CapticalOf='''吴越,南宋'''
print(type(name),type(area),type(history),type(famous_person),type(CapticalOf))
sent="I'm Lilei"
sent2='"He is my bro",he said'
print(sent)
print(sent2)
#单引号和双引号使用时需要注意匹配关系,且不可以换行
#如果要换行,三单引号或者三双引号
pm='''我是你永远得不到的,
爸爸。
'''
print(pm)
结果:
<class 'str'> <class 'str'> <class 'str'> <class 'str'> <class 'str'>
I'm Lilei
"He is my bro",he said
我是你永远得不到的,
爸爸。
2.字符串的运算及常见操作
(1)拼接
a="Hello"
b=",Python."
print(a+b)
a=["Hello"]
b=[",Python."]
print(a+b)
#拼接基于同一种数据类型
结果:
Hello,Python.
['Hello', ',Python.']
(2)重复
a="City College "
print(a*3)
结果:
City College City College City College
(3)索引(偏移)[],切片[ : ],[ : : ]
sr="Python"
print(len(sr))
print(sr[3],sr[-3])#0 1 2 3 4 5……-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
for i in range(len(sr)):
print(sr[i],end=" ")
print()#换行
for i in sr:
print(i,end=" ")
结果:
6
h h
P y t h o n
P y t h o n
# 012345678901234567890123456789
sr="Life is short,you need python."
print(len(sr))
print(sr[1:4])
print(sr[1::4])
print(sr[1:4:2])
print(sr[::-1])
结果:
30
ife
iih, dt.
ie
.nohtyp deen uoy,trohs si efiL
(4)大小写转换
sr.lower():转小写
sr.upper():转大写
sr.swapcase():大小写互换
sr.title():转为标题的形式
sr.capitalize():首字母大写
sr="life is short,you NEED python."
print(sr.lower())
print(sr.upper())
print(sr.swapcase())
print(sr.title())
print(sr.capitalize())
验证码确认
certid="AbCd"
ipt=input("请输入验证码:")
if ipt.lower()==certid.lower():
print("输入成功")
else:
print("输入错误")
结果:
life is short,you need python.
LIFE IS SHORT,YOU NEED PYTHON.
LIFE IS SHORT,YOU need PYTHON.
Life Is Short,You Need Python.
Life is short,you need python.
请输入验证码:abcd
输入成功
(5)字符串的格式输出对齐
sr.center([len], [填充符号]),居中对齐
sr.ljust([len],[填充符号]),居左对齐
sr.rjust([len],[填充符号]),居右对齐
sr.zfill([len]),居右对齐,默认填充0
sr = "Life is short,you need python."
print(sr.center(41,'*'))
print(sr.ljust(41,'*'))
print(sr.rjust(41,'*'))
print(sr.zfill(41))
结果:
******Life is short,you need python.*****
Life is short,you need python.***********
***********Life is short,you need python.
00000000000Life is short,you need python.
(6)删除指定字符
sr.strip()
sr.lstrip()只删左
sr.rstrip()只删右
sr="******Life is short,you need python.*****"
print(sr.strip("*")
print(sr.lstrip("*"))
print(sr.rstrip("*"))
结果:
Life is short,you need python.
Life is short,you need python.*****
******Life is short,you need python.
(7)计数
sr.count()
# 01234567890123456789012345678901
sr = "Life is short,you need python."
print(sr.count('i',1,6))#指定范围内出现的次数
结果:2
(8)字符串搜索定位和替换
sr.find(),查找元素并返回第一次出现的元素的索引值;查找不到,返回-1
sr.index(),查找元素并返回第一次出现的元素的索引值;查找不到,报错
sr.rindex(),从右往左查找
sr.replace([现有],[替新])
# 012345678901234567890123456789
sr = "Life is short,you need python."
print(sr.find('f',19,25))#指定范围内查找
print(sr.index('f',19,25))
print(sr.rindex('f'))
print(sr.replace('you need','I use'))
print(sr.replace('t','T',1))#只替换第一个
结果:
-1
报错
2
Life is short,I use python.
Life is shorT,you need python.
(9)字符串条件判断
isalnum(),判断字符串有字母或者数字组成
isalpha(),仅有字母
isdigit(),仅有数字
a="abc666"
b="666"
c="abc"
print(a.isalnum())
print(b.isalpha())
print(c.isdigit())
结果:
True
False
False
(10)制表符的转化
sr.expandtabs()
nm = "012345678901234567890123456789012"
sr = "Life is sh\tort, you need python."
print(nm)
print(sr.expandtabs(4))
结果:
012345678901234567890123456789012
Life is sh ort, you need python.
(11)字符串的分割变换
join(),将指定字符插入到元素之间
split(),以指定字符分割字符串并去除该字符
partition(),以指定字符分割字符串并保留该字符
sr = "Life is short, you need python."
print('+'.join(sr))
li=["I","Love","Python."]
print(' '.join(li))
print(sr.split('o',2))#去除指定序列前的字符,即1,2
print(sr.partition('o'))
结果:
L+i+f+e+ +i+s+ +s+h+o+r+t+,+ +y+o+u+ +n+e+e+d+ +p+y+t+h+o+n+.
I Love Python.
['Life is sh', 'rt, y', 'u need python.']
('Life is sh', 'o', 'rt, you need python.')
(12)ASCII
chr()digit—>alpha
ord()alpha—>digit
for i in range(ord('a'),ord('z')+1):
print(chr(i),end=" ")
结果:
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
拓展:
string模块
import string
# print(dir(string))
print(string.ascii_letters)
print(string.ascii_lowercase)
print(string.ascii_uppercase)
for i in range(8):
print(oct(i), end=" ")
print()
for i in range(16):
print(hex(i), end=" ")
print('%o' % 17) #%o ------ oct八进制
print('%x' % 17) #%x ------ hex十六进制
结果:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
0o0 0o1 0o2 0o3 0o4 0o5 0o6 0o7
0x0 0x1 0x2 0x3 0x4 0x5 0x6 0x7 0x8 0x9 0xa 0xb 0xc 0xd 0xe 0xf
21
11
%s代表字符串,即string类型;
%c也为字符型,可是它只能指代单个字符,不能指代一个字符串;
%d代表整型,即int类型,输出十进制;