拦截器

SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器来实现特定的功能。

**过滤器与拦截器的区别：**拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用。

过滤器

• servlet规范中的一部分，任何java web工程都可以使用
• 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后，可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截

拦截器

• 拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的，只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
• 拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法， 如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的

自定义拦截器

那如何实现拦截器呢？

想要自定义拦截器，必须实现 HandlerInterceptor 接口。

1、新建一个Moudule ， springmvc-07-Interceptor ， 添加web支持

2、配置web.xml 和 springmvc-servlet.xml 文件

3、编写一个拦截器

在WEB-INF目录下的所有页面都只能通过controller或者servlet访问

案例：登录页面

依赖：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.20</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.11</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.14.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

拦截器

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //return true 放行,return false阻止放行，如果return false 则不执行下一个拦截器
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        if(request.getRequestURI().contains("tologin")){
            return true;
        }
        if(request.getRequestURI().contains("login")){
            return true;
        }
        if (session.getAttribute("user") != null) {
            return true;
        }
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
        return false;
    }
}

控制器

@Controller
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping("/tologin")
    public String tologin(){
        return "login";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/tomain")
    public String tomain(){
        return "main";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String password, Model model){
        session.setAttribute("user",username);
        model.addAttribute("username",username+password);
        return "main";
    }@RequestMapping("/out")
    public String login(HttpSession session){
        session.removeAttribute("user");
        return "login";
    }
}

springmvc配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.xiong.controller"/>
    <!-- 在实际开发中通常都需配置 mvc:annotation-driven 标签 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--拦截器配置-->
<!--    /拦截一个请求 /**拦截所有请求-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="cn.xiong.config.MyInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
</beans>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

初始页面：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/tologin">登录</a></h1>
  <h1><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/tomain">首页</a></h1>
  </body>
</html>

web/web-inf/jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录页面</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username" />
    密码:<input type="text" name="password"/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

--------------------

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<span>${password}</span>
<p><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/out">注销</a></p>
</body>
</html>