【错误解决】java.lang.IllegalStateException: PathVariable annotation was empty on param 0.

报错：java.lang.IllegalStateException: PathVariable annotation was empty on param 0.

问题描述：

微服务启动失败，层层嵌套报错，最后错误为：java.lang.IllegalStateException: PathVariable annotation was empty on param 0.

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationNotAllowedException: Error creating bean with name 'rabbitConnectionFactory': Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction (Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:220)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:322)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:207)
	at org.springframework.context.event.AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.retrieveApplicationListeners(AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.java:247)
	at org.springframework.context.event.AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.getApplicationListeners(AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.java:204)
	at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:134)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:404)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:410)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:361)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.doClose(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1013)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.close(AbstractApplicationContext.java:979)
	at org.springframework.cloud.context.named.NamedContextFactory.destroy(NamedContextFactory.java:93)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DisposableBeanAdapter.destroy(DisposableBeanAdapter.java:258)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.destroyBean(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:587)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.destroySingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:559)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.destroySingleton(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1092)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.destroySingletons(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:520)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.destroySingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1085)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.destroyBeans(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1061)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:564)
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:143)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:758)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:750)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:405)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1237)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1226)
	at com.netstudy.LearningApiApplication.main(LearningApiApplication.java:12)
2024-05-28 21:41:25,746 INFO [main][DirectJDKLog.java:173] - Stopping service [Tomcat]
2024-05-28 21:41:25,759 INFO [main][ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener.java:136] - 

Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2024-05-28 21:41:25,771 ERROR [main][SpringApplication.java:837] - Application run failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'myCourseTablesController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'myCourseTablesService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'myCourseTablesServiceImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'contentServiceClient'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.netstudy.learning.feignclient.ContentServiceClient': FactoryBean threw exception on object creation; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: PathVariable annotation was empty on param 0.
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:643)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:119)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1420)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:593)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:516)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:324)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:322)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:897)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:879)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:551)
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:143)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:758)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:750)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:405)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1237)
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1226)
	at com.netstudy.LearningApiApplication.main(LearningApiApplication.java:12)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'myCourseTablesServiceImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'contentServiceClient'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.netstudy.learning.feignclient.ContentServiceClient': FactoryBean threw exception on object creation; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: PathVariable annotation was empty on param 0.
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:643)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:119)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1420)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:593)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:516)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:324)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:322)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1307)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1227)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:640)
	... 20 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.netstudy.learning.feignclient.ContentServiceClient': FactoryBean threw exception on object creation; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: PathVariable annotation was empty on param 0.
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.java:176)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.java:101)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getObjectForBeanInstance(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1828)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.getObjectForBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1265)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:276)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.addCandidateEntry(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1532)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.findAutowireCandidates(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1489)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1270)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1227)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:640)
	... 33 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: PathVariable annotation was empty on param 0.
	at feign.Util.checkState(Util.java:129)
	at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.annotation.PathVariableParameterProcessor.processArgument(PathVariableParameterProcessor.java:52)
	at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.support.SpringMvcContract.processAnnotationsOnParameter(SpringMvcContract.java:304)
	at feign.Contract$BaseContract.parseAndValidateMetadata(Contract.java:111)
	at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.support.SpringMvcContract.parseAndValidateMetadata(SpringMvcContract.java:194)
	at feign.Contract$BaseContract.parseAndValidateMetadata(Contract.java:62)
	at feign.hystrix.HystrixDelegatingContract.parseAndValidateMetadata(HystrixDelegatingContract.java:47)
	at feign.ReflectiveFeign$ParseHandlersByName.apply(ReflectiveFeign.java:151)
	at feign.ReflectiveFeign.newInstance(ReflectiveFeign.java:49)
	at feign.hystrix.HystrixFeign$Builder.target(HystrixFeign.java:70)
	at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.HystrixTargeter.targetWithFallbackFactory(HystrixTargeter.java:66)
	at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.HystrixTargeter.target(HystrixTargeter.java:53)
	at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClientFactoryBean.loadBalance(FeignClientFactoryBean.java:318)
	at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClientFactoryBean.getTarget(FeignClientFactoryBean.java:347)
	at org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClientFactoryBean.getObject(FeignClientFactoryBean.java:327)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.java:169)
	... 44 more

问题分析：

此微服务整合了feign和rabbitmq，当启动时提示feignClient的bean无法创建。
尝试的解决办法：

1.查看bootstrap.yml配置文件是否配置了feign和rabbitmq

配置完整，错误依旧

2.查看nacos配置是否完整无误

完整，错误依旧

3.查看pom.xml是否将相关依赖全部导入

没问题，依然没解决

4.溯源错误，定位到feignclient的文件位置

成功解决！
错误主要是配置的feignclient错误：

@FeignClient(value = "content-api", fallbackFactory = ContentServiceClientFallbackFactory.class)
public interface ContentServiceClient {

    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("/content/r/coursepublish/{courseId}")
    CoursePublish getCoursePublish(@PathVariable("courseId") Long courseId);

    @PostMapping("/content/teachplan/{teachplanId}")
    Teachplan getTeachplan(@PathVariable Long teachplanId);

}

这里这个ContentserviceClient远程调用名为content-api的微服务，而getTeachplan这个方法是后来写的，所以以前只有getCoursePublish时测试运行没报错。

解决方法

在@FeignClient()接口类中，使用此注解:@PathVariable 时必须指定value，Spring 在这方面有很好的封装特性并严格校验。
修改后的代码如下：

@FeignClient(value = "content-api", fallbackFactory = ContentServiceClientFallbackFactory.class)
public interface ContentServiceClient {

    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("/content/r/coursepublish/{courseId}")
    CoursePublish getCoursePublish(@PathVariable("courseId") Long courseId);

    @PostMapping("/content/teachplan/{teachplanId}")
    Teachplan getTeachplan(@PathVariable("teachplanId") Long teachplanId);

}

再次运行，不再报错，成功运行！

总结

在@FeignClient()接口类中，使用此注解:@PathVariable 时必须指定value。

参考文献

1.Springboot 启动报错：FactoryBean threw exception on object creation; nested exception is java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
2.java.lang.IllegalStateException: PathVariable annotation was empty on param 0.