codeforces 484A Bits 贪心->位数

点击打开链接

A. Bits

time limit per test

1 second

memory limit per test

256 megabytes

input

standard input

output

standard output

Let's denote as  the number of bits set ('1' bits) in the binary representation of the non-negative integer x.

You are given multiple queries consisting of pairs of integers l and r. For each query, find the x, such that l ≤ x ≤ r, and is maximum possible. If there are multiple such numbers find the smallest of them.

Input

The first line contains integer n — the number of queries (1 ≤ n ≤ 10000).

Each of the following n lines contain two integers li, ri — the arguments for the corresponding query (0 ≤ li ≤ ri ≤ 1018).

Output

For each query print the answer in a separate line.

Sample test(s)

input

3
1 2
2 4
1 10

output

1
3
7

Note

The binary representations of numbers from 1 to 10 are listed below:

110 = 12

210 = 102

310 = 112

410 = 1002

510 = 1012

610 = 1102

710 = 1112

810 = 10002

910 = 10012

1010 = 10102

给你一个区间l,r，让你从此区间中找到二进制数中1的个数最多的那个数，若有多个，取最小。

将l和r转换成二进制数，那么将这两个数从高位往地位开始判断，如果相同，那么答案在这位上也是此值，如果不相等，那么答案在此为上为0，然后剩下的低位都为1。当然特殊情况就是当判断在某位不同时，r的剩下低位全是1，那么在此不同的位上也应该是1。

//841 ms	 2300 KB
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
#define ll __int64
using namespace std;
ll s1[100007],s2[100007],s[100007];
int main()
{
    int n;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    while(n--)
    {
        ll l,r;
        int num1=0,num2=0;
        scanf("%I64d%I64d",&l,&r);
        memset(s1,0,sizeof(s1));
        memset(s2,0,sizeof(s2));
        memset(s,0,sizeof(s));
        while(l)
        {
            s1[num1++]=l%2;
            l>>=1;
        }
        while(r)
        {
            s2[num2++]=r%2;
            r>>=1;
        }
        ll ans=0;
        int flag=0,i;
        int num=max(num1,num2);
        for(i=num-1; i>=0; i--)
        {
            if(s2[i]==s1[i])s[i]=s2[i];
            else break;
        }
        for(int k=i; k>=0; k--)
        {
            s[k]=1;
            if(!s2[k])flag=1;
        }
        if(flag)s[i]=0;
        ll aa=1;
        for(int k=0; k<num; k++,aa*=2)
            ans+=s[k]*aa;
        printf("%I64d\n",ans);
    }
    return 0;
}