Web环境下的文件上传与Apache Common FileUpload组件

这两天Master组在Enhydra Application里尝试上传12M左右的一个CSV文件碰到内存溢出、乱码等等问题,于是试用了一下Apache Common FileUpload组件,谈谈两点心得:
  1. 默认情况下,该组件将不做任何改动地上传源文件,类似于FTP中的二进制模式。假设客户端使用日文版Windows2K/XP,默认字符集为MS932;服务器使用默认字符集为EUC_JP的Linux系统,如果源文件是MS932编码的文本文件,那么上传到服务器后仍然会是MS932编码的文本文件,大小和内容都不会有变化。
  2. 为什么使用Apache Common FileUpload组件后没有出现内存溢出现象?虽然没有仔细研究源代码,不过估计它对较小的文件就直接采用in memory方式,而对较大的文件可能会在内存占用过大时将内存中的部分或全部信息写入临时文件以防内存溢出。

如果想上传的同时转换一下源文件的编码,可以参考下列代码(感谢邓XX提供源代码):

 

    private void processUploadedFile(FileItem item) throws Exception {
     
        String fileName = new File(item.getName()).getName();
        //item.write(new File(UPLOADPATH + fileName)); //用下面的代码代替
       
        InputStreamReader ir =
            new InputStreamReader(item.getInputStream(),"JISAutoDetect");
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(ir);
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(UPLOADPATH + fileName);
        OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "EUC_JP");
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
        try {
            String data = null;
            while ((data = br.readLine()) != null) {
                bw.write(data);
                bw.newLine();
            }
        } finally {
            bw.close();
            osw.close();
            fos.close();
            br.close();
            ir.close();
        }
    }
Apachecommons-fileupload.jar放在应用程序的WEB-INF\lib下,即可使用。下面举例介绍如何使用它的文件上传功能。 所使用的fileUpload版本为1.2,环境为Eclipse3.3+MyEclipse6.0。FileUpload 是基于 Commons IO的,所以在进入项目前先确定Commons IO的jar包(本文使用commons-io-1.3.2.jar)在WEB-INF\lib下。 此文作示例工程可在文章最后的附件中下载。 示例1 最简单的例子,通过ServletFileUpload静态类来解析Request,工厂类FileItemFactory会对mulipart类的表单中的所有字段进行处理,不只是file字段。getName()得到文件名,getString()得到表单数据内容,isFormField()可判断是否为普通的表单项。 demo1.html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> //必须是multipart的表单数据。 <form name="myform" action="demo1.jsp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> Your name: <input type="text" name="name" size="15"><br> File: <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Commit"> </form> </body> </html> demo1.jsp <% boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);//检查输入请求是否为multipart表单数据。 if (isMultipart == true) { FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();//为该请求创建一个DiskFileItemFactory对象,通过它来解析请求。执行解析后,所有的表单项目都保存在一个List中。 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); List items = upload.parseRequest(request); Iterator itr = items.iterator(); while (itr.hasNext()) { FileItem item = (FileItem) itr.next(); //检查当前项目是普通表单项目还是上传文件。 if (item.isFormField()) {//如果是普通表单项目,显示表单内容。 String fieldName = item.getFieldName(); if (fieldName.equals("name")) //对应demo1.html中type="text" name="name" out.print("the field name is" + item.getString());//显示表单内容。 out.print(""); } else {//如果是上传文件,显示文件名。 out.print("the upload file name is" + item.getName()); out.print(""); } } } else { out.print("the enctype must be multipart/form-data"); } %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> </body> </html> 结果: the field name isjeff the upload file name isD:\C语言考试样题\作业题.rar 示例2 上传两个文件到指定的目录。 demo2.html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> <form name="myform" action="demo2.jsp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> File1: <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> File2: <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Commit"> </form> </body> </html> demo2.jsp <%String uploadPath="D:\\\\temp"; boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request); if(isMultipart==true){ try{ FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); List items = upload.parseRequest(request);//得到所有的文件 Iterator itr = items.iterator(); while(itr.hasNext()){//依次处理每个文件 FileItem item=(FileItem)itr.next(); String fileName=item.getName();//获得文件名,包括路径 if(fileName!=null){ File fullFile=new File(item.getName()); File savedFile=new File(uploadPath,fullFile.getName()); item.write(savedFile); } } out.print("upload succeed"); } catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } else{ out.println("the enctype must be multipart/form-data"); } %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> </body> </html> 结果: upload succeed 此时,在"D:\temp"下可以看到你上传的两个文件。 示例3 上传一个文件到指定的目录,并限定文件大小。 demo3.html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> <form name="myform" action="demo3.jsp" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> File: <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Commit"> </form> </body> </html> demo3.jsp <% File uploadPath = new File("D:\\temp");//上传文件目录 if (!uploadPath.exists()) { uploadPath.mkdirs(); } // 临时文件目录 File tempPathFile = new File("d:\\temp\\buffer\\"); if (!tempPathFile.exists()) { tempPathFile.mkdirs(); } try { // Create a factory for disk-based file items DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // Set factory constraints factory.setSizeThreshold(4096); // 设置缓冲区大小,这里是4kb factory.setRepository(tempPathFile);//设置缓冲区目录 // Create a new file upload handler ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // Set overall request size constraint upload.setSizeMax(4194304); // 设置最大文件尺寸,这里是4MB List items = upload.parseRequest(request);//得到所有的文件 Iterator i = items.iterator(); while (i.hasNext()) { FileItem fi = (FileItem) i.next(); String fileName = fi.getName(); if (fileName != null) { File fullFile = new File(fi.getName()); File savedFile = new File(uploadPath, fullFile .getName()); fi.write(savedFile); } } out.print("upload succeed"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> </body> </html> 示例4 利用Servlet来实现文件上传Upload.java package com.zj.sample; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class Upload extends HttpServlet { private String uploadPath = "D:\\temp"; // 上传文件的目录 private String tempPath = "d:\\temp\\buffer\\"; // 临时文件目录 File tempPathFile; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { try { // Create a factory for disk-based file items DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // Set factory constraints factory.setSizeThreshold(4096); // 设置缓冲区大小,这里是4kb factory.setRepository(tempPathFile);// 设置缓冲区目录 // Create a new file upload handler ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // Set overall request size constraint upload.setSizeMax(4194304); // 设置最大文件尺寸,这里是4MB List items = upload.parseRequest(request);// 得到所有的文件 Iterator i = items.iterator(); while (i.hasNext()) { FileItem fi = (FileItem) i.next(); String fileName = fi.getName(); if (fileName != null) { File fullFile = new File(fi.getName()); File savedFile = new File(uploadPath, fullFile.getName()); fi.write(savedFile); } } System.out.print("upload succeed"); } catch (Exception e) { // 可以跳转出错页面 e.printStackTrace(); } } public void init() throws ServletException { File uploadFile = new File(uploadPath); if (!uploadFile.exists()) { uploadFile.mkdirs(); } File tempPathFile = new File(tempPath); if (!tempPathFile.exists()) { tempPathFile.mkdirs(); } } } demo4.html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030"> <title>File upload</title> </head> <body> // action="fileupload"对应web.xml中中的设置. <form name="myform" action="fileupload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> File: <input type="file" name="myfile"><br> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Commit"> </form> </body> </html> web.xml Upload com.zj.sample.Upload Upload /fileupload
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