CS144 1-11 Address Resolution Protocal (ARP)

IP address(host) -> link address(Ethernet card, 48bits)

Addressing Problem: 一个host对应多个IP地址，不容易对应

• 解决方案：gateway两侧ip地址不同，link address确定card，network address确定host
• 这有点历史遗留问题，ip和link address的机制没有完全地分离开，decoupled logically but coupled in practice
• 对于A，ip的目标是B，link的目标是gateway

ARP，地址解析协议：由IP得到MAC地址 => 进一步可得到gateway address

• 是一种request-reply protocol
• nodes cache mappings, cache entries expire
• 节点request a link layer broadcast address，然后收到回复，回复的packet有redundant data，看到它的节点都能生成mapping
• reply：原则上unicast，只回传给发送者=>实际实现时更常见broadcast
• No “sharing” of state: bad state will die eventually
• MacOS中保留20min
• gratuitous request: 要求不存在的mapping，推销自己

必看资料：ARP
链路层以太网（MAC）
ip、子网掩码、网关、默认网关

e.g.

hardware:1(Ethernet)

protocol: 0x0800(IP)

hardware length:6 (48 bit Ethernet)

protocol length:4(32 bit IP)

opcode: 1(request) /2(reply)

Destination: broadcast (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)