一.数据库
1.1步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:安装软件
命令操作如下所示:
[root@mysql50 ~]# yum -y install mysql-server mysql //安装提供服务和命令软件
[root@mysql50 ~]# systemctl start mysqld //启动服务
[root@mysql50 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld //开机运行
步骤二:查看端口号和进程名
命令操作如下所示:
[root@mysql50 ~]# ps -C mysqld //查看进程
PID TTY TIME CMD
21912 ? 00:00:00 mysqld
[root@mysql50 ~]#
[root@mysql50 ~]# ss -utnlp | grep 3306 查看端口
tcp LISTEN 0 70 *:33060 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=21912,fd=22))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=21912,fd=25))
[root@mysql50 ~]#
或
[root@mysql50 ~]# netstat -utnlp | grep mysqld //查看进程的状态
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 21912/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 21912/mysqld
[root@mysql50 ~]#
说明:
MySQL 8中的3306端口是MySQL服务默认使用的端口,主要用于建立客户端与MySQL服务器之间的连接。
MySQL 8中的33060端口是MySQL Shell默认使用的管理端口,主要用于执行各种数据库管理任务。远程管理MySQL服务器:使用MySQL Shell连接到MySQL服务,并在远程管理控制台上执行各种数据库管理操作,例如创建、删除、备份和恢复数据库等。
步骤三:连接服务。
说明: 服务默认没有密码
命令操作如下所示:
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysql //连接服务
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> exit //断开连接
Bye
[root@mysql50 ~]#
步骤五:练习必备命令的使用
命令操作如下所示:
mysql> select version() ; //查看数据库软件版本
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.26 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user() ; //查看登陆的用户和客户端地址
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases; //查看已有的库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
说明:
这个4个库 不可以删除,存储的是 服务运行时加载的不同功能的程序和数据。
information_schema:是MySQL数据库提供的一个虚拟的数据库,存储了MySQL数据库中的相关信息,比如数据库、表、列、索引、权限、角色等信息。它并不存储实际的数据,而是提供了一些视图和存储过程,用于查询和管理数据库的元数据信息。
mysql:存储了MySQL服务器的系统配置、用户、账号和权限信息等。它是MySQL数据库最基本的库,存储了MySQL服务器的核心信息。
performance_schema:存储了MySQL数据库的性能指标、事件和统计信息等数据,可以用于性能分析和优化。
sys:是MySQL 8.0引入的一个新库,它基于information_schema和performance_schema视图,提供了更方便、更直观的方式来查询和管理MySQL数据库的元数据和性能数据。
mysql> select database(); //查看当前在那个库里 null 表示没有在任何库里
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| NULL |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql ; //切换库
mysql> select database(); // 再次显示所在的库
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables; //显示库里已有的表
+------------------------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+------------------------------------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| component |
| db |
| default_roles |
| engine_cost |
| func |
| general_log |
| global_grants |
| gtid_executed |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| password_history |
| plugin |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| replication_asynchronous_connection_failover |
| replication_asynchronous_connection_failover_managed |
| replication_group_configuration_version |
| replication_group_member_actions |
| role_edges |
| server_cost |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+------------------------------------------------------+
37 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit ; 断开连接
Bye
[root@mysql50 ~]#
2 案例2:密码管理
2.1 问题
1) 在192.168.88.50主机做如下练习:
- 设置root密码为tarena
- 修改root密码为123qqq…A
- 破解root密码为NSD2023…a
2.2 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:设置root密码为tarena
命令操作如下所示:
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password "tarena"
Enter password: //敲回车
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysql //无密码连接被拒绝
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@mysql50 ~]#
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysql -uroot –ptarena //连接时输入密码
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
步骤二:修改root密码为123qqq…A
命令操作如下所示:
[root@mysql51 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -ptarena password "123qqq...A" //修改密码
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@mysql51 ~]# mysql -uroot –ptarena //旧密码无法登陆
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@mysql51 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123qqq...A //新密码登陆
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 18
Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
步骤三:破解root密码为NSD2023…a
说明:在mysql51主机做此练习
命令操作如下所示:
[root@mysql51 ~]# mysql -uroot -pNSD2023...a //破解前登陆失败
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@mysql51 ~]#
[root@mysql51 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf //修改主配置文件
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables //手动添加此行 作用登陆时不验证密码
:wq
[root@mysql51 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld //重启服务 作用让服务以新配置运行
[root@mysql51 ~]# mysql //连接服务
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
//把mysql库下user表中 用户root的密码设置为无;
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string="" where user="root";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@mysql51 ~]#
[root@mysql51 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf
[mysqld]
#skip-grant-tables //注释添加的行
:wq
[root@mysql51 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld //重启服务 作用让服务以新配置运行
[root@mysql51 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password "NSD2023...a" //设置新密码
Enter password:
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@mysql51 ~]#
[root@mysql51 ~]# mysql //无密码登陆失败
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@mysql51 ~]# mysql -uroot -pNSD2023...a //输入新密码 登陆成功
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
3 案例3:安装图形软件
3.1 问题
- 在IP地址192.168.88.50主机安装phpmyadmin软件
- 客户端通过访问phpmyadmin软件管理数据库
3.2 方案
首先配置运行环境LNP,然后安装phpmyadmin软件,最后客户打开浏览器输入网址访问。
3.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:部署运行环境LNP
命令操作如下所示:
[root@mysql50 ~]# yum -y install unzip make pcre-devel zlib-devel //安装依赖
[root@mysql50 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz //解压源码
[root@mysql50 ~]# cd nginx-1.22.1 //进源码目录
[root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1]# ./configure //配置
[root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1]# make && make install //编译并安装
[root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1]# ls /usr/local/nginx/ //查看安装目录
conf html logs sbin
[root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf //修改主配置文件
43 location / {
44 root html;
45 index index.php index.html index.htm; //添加首页名
46 }
65 location ~ \.php$ { //访问.php的请求转给本机的9000端口
66 root html;
67 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
68 fastcgi_index index.php;
69 # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
70 include fastcgi.conf; //保存nginx变量文件
71 }
:wq
[root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx //启动服务
[root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1]# netstat -utnlp | grep 80 //查看端口
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 42182/nginx: master
[root@mysql50 nginx-1.22.1]#
[root@mysql50 ~]# yum -y install php php-mysqlnd php-json php-fpm //安装php软件
[root@mysql50 ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf //修改主配置文件
38 ;listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock
39 listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 //非socket方式运行
:wq
[root@mysql50 ~]# systemctl start php-fpm //启动服务
[root@mysql50 ~]# netstat -utnlp | grep 9000 //查看端口
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 67251/php-fpm: mast
[root@mysql50 ~]#
[root@mysql50 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/test.php //编写php脚本
<?php
$name = "plj" ;
echo $name ;
echo "\n" ;
?>
:wq
[root@mysql50 ~]# curl http://localhost/test.php //访问脚本
plj
[root@mysql50 ~]#
步骤二:安装phpmyadmin软件
命令操作如下所示:
[root@mysql50 ~]# unzip phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.zip //解压
[root@mysql50 ~]# mv phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages /usr/local/nginx/html/phpmyadmin //移动并改名 ,为了便于访问
[root@mysql50 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/phpmyadmin/ //进软件目录
[root@mysql50 phpmyadmin]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php //创建主配置文件
[root@mysql50 phpmyadmin]# vim config.inc.php //修改主配置文件
//定义cookies验证码
16 $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'plj123'; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */
//管理本机的数据库服务
30 $cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = 'localhost';
:wq
[root@mysql50 phpmyadmin]# setenforce 0 //关闭selinux
[root@mysql50 phpmyadmin]# systemctl stop firewalld //关闭防火墙
步骤三:客户端访问
命令操作如下所示:
- http://192.168.88.50/phpmyadmin 打开浏览器输入此网址 效果如图-1所示
4 案例4:筛选条件
4.1 问题
- 准备练习环境
- 练习数值比较
- 练习范围匹配
- 练习模糊匹配
- 练习正则匹配
- 练习逻辑比较
- 练习字符比较/空/非空
- 练习别名/去重/合并
4.2 方案
拷贝tarena.sql文件到mysql50主机里,然后使用tarena.sql创建练习使用的数据。
4.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:准备练习环境
//拷贝tarena.sql 拷贝到 mysql50主机的/root 下
[openeuler@server1 ~]$ scp /linux-soft/s3/tarena.sql root@192.168.88.50:/root/
root@192.168.88.50's password:
tarena.sql 100% 284KB 171.9MB/s 00:00
//连接mysql50主机
[openeuler@server1 ~]$ ssh root@192.168.88.50
root@192.168.88.50's password:
Last login: Tue May 23 10:59:57 2023 from 192.168.88.254
//恢复数据
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysql -uroot -pNSD2023...a < /root/tarena.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
//连接服务
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysql -uroot -pNSD2023...a
mysql> show databases; //查看库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| tarena | 恢复的库
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use tarena; //进入库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables; //查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_tarena |
+------------------+
| departments | 部门表
| employees | 员工表
| salary | 工资表
| user | 用户表
+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用user 表做查询练习
user表里存储的是 系统用户信息 就是 /etc/passwd 文件的内容
mysql> desc tarena.user; //查看表头
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |行号
| name | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |用户名
| password | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |密码占位符
| uid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | uid号
| gid | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | gid号
| comment | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | 描述信息
| homedir | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | | 家目录
| shell | char(30) | YES | | NULL | | 解释器
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
select命令格式演示
语法格式1 SELECT 字段列表 FROM 库名.表名;
语法格式2 SELECT 字段列表 FROM 库名.表名 where 筛选条件;
mysql> select name from tarena.user; //查看一个表头
mysql> select name ,uid from tarena.user; //查看多个表头
mysql> select * from tarena.user; //查看所有表头
mysql> select * from tarena.user where name = “root”; //加筛选条件
+----+------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
| id | name | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell |
+----+------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
| 1 | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash |
+----+------+----------+------+------+---------+---------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
步骤二:练习数值比较
比较符号:
= != > >= < <=
相等 不相等 大于 大于等于 小于 小于等于
符号两边要是数字或数值类型的表头 符号左边与符号右边做比较
//查看第3行的行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where id = 3;
+----+--------+------+------+
| id | name | uid | gid |
+----+--------+------+------+
| 3 | daemon | 2 | 2 |
+----+--------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//查看前2行的行号用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where id < 3;
+----+------+------+------+
| id | name | uid | gid |
+----+------+------+------+
| 1 | root | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | bin | 1 | 1 |
+----+------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//查看前3行的行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where id <= 3;
+----+--------+------+------+
| id | name | uid | gid |
+----+--------+------+------+
| 1 | root | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | bin | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | daemon | 2 | 2 |
+----+--------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where uid > 6000;
+----+-----------+-------+-------+
| id | name | uid | gid |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+
| 22 | nfsnobody | 65534 | 65534 |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where uid >= 1000;
+----+-----------+-------+-------+
| id | name | uid | gid |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+
| 22 | nfsnobody | 65534 | 65534 |
| 24 | plj | 1000 | 1000 |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//查看uid号和gid号相同的行 仅显示行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where uid = gid;
+----+-----------------+-------+-------+
| id | name | uid | gid |
+----+-----------------+-------+-------+
| 1 | root | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | bin | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | daemon | 2 | 2 |
| 13 | nobody | 99 | 99 |
| 14 | systemd-network | 192 | 192 |
| 15 | dbus | 81 | 81 |
| 17 | sshd | 74 | 74 |
| 18 | postfix | 89 | 89 |
| 20 | rpc | 32 | 32 |
| 21 | rpcuser | 29 | 29 |
| 22 | nfsnobody | 65534 | 65534 |
| 23 | haproxy | 188 | 188 |
| 24 | plj | 1000 | 1000 |
| 25 | apache | 48 | 48 |
| 26 | mysql | 27 | 27 |
+----+-----------------+-------+-------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//查看uid号和gid号不一样的行 仅显示行号、用户名、uid、gid 四个表头的值
mysql> select id,name,uid,gid from tarena.user where uid != gid;
+----+----------+------+------+
| id | name | uid | gid |
+----+----------+------+------+
| 4 | adm | 3 | 4 |
| 5 | lp | 4 | 7 |
| 6 | sync | 5 | 0 |
| 7 | shutdown | 6 | 0 |
| 8 | halt | 7 | 0 |
| 9 | mail | 8 | 12 |
| 10 | operator | 11 | 0 |
| 11 | games | 12 | 100 |
| 12 | ftp | 14 | 50 |
| 16 | polkitd | 999 | 998 |
| 19 | chrony | 998 | 996 |
+----+----------+------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
步骤三:练习范围匹配
in (值列表) //在…里
not in (值列表) //不在…里
between 数字1 and 数字2 //在…之间
命令操作如下所示:
//uid号表头的值 是 (1 , 3 , 5 , 7) 中的任意一个即可
mysql> select name , uid from tarena.user where uid in (1 , 3 , 5 , 7);
+------+------+
| name | uid |
+------+------+
| bin | 1 |
| adm | 3 |
| sync | 5 |
| halt | 7 |
+------+------+
//shell 表头的 不是 ("/bin/bash","/sbin/nologin") 不是这个值就可以
mysql> select name , shell from tarena.user where shell not in ("/bin/bash","/sbin/nologin");
+----------+----------------+
| name | shell |
+----------+----------------+
| sync | /bin/sync |
| shutdown | /sbin/shutdown |
| halt | /sbin/halt |
| mysql | /bin/false |
+----------+----------------+
//id表头的值 在 10 到 20 之间即可 包括 10 和 20 本身
mysql> select id , name , uid from tarena.user where id between 10 and 20 ;
+----+-----------------+------+
| id | name | uid |
+----+-----------------+------+
| 10 | operator | 11 |
| 11 | games | 12 |
| 12 | ftp | 14 |
| 13 | nobody | 99 |
| 14 | systemd-network | 192 |
| 15 | dbus | 81 |
| 16 | polkitd | 999 |
| 17 | sshd | 74 |
| 18 | postfix | 89 |
| 19 | chrony | 998 |
| 20 | rpc | 32 |
+----+-----------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
步骤四:练习模糊匹配
where 字段名 like "表达式";
通配符
_ 表示 1个字符
% 表示零个或多个字符
命令操作如下所示:
//找名字必须是3个字符的 (没有空格挨着敲)
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "_ _ _";
+------+
| name |
+------+
| bin |
| adm |
| ftp |
| rpc |
| plj |
| bob |
+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//找名字必须是4个字符的(没有空格挨着敲)
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "_ _ _ _";
+------+
| name |
+------+
| root |
| sync |
| halt |
| mail |
| dbus |
| sshd |
| null |
+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//找名字以字母a开头的(没有空格挨着敲)
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "a%";
//查找名字至少是4个字符的表达式
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "%_ _ _ _%";(没有空格挨着敲)
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "_ _%_ _";(没有空格挨着敲)
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name like "_ _ _ _%";(没有空格挨着敲)
步骤五:练习正则匹配
格式:select 字段名列表 from 库名.表名 where字段名 regexp '正则表达式';
回顾shell课程学过的元字符(正则符号)
^ 匹配行首
$ 匹配行尾
[] 匹配范围内任意一个
* 前边的表达式出现零次或多次
| 或者
. 任意一个字符
命令操作如下所示:
//添加有数字的名字
insert into tarena.user(name)values("yaya9");
insert into tarena.user(name)values("6yaya");
insert into tarena.user(name)values("ya7ya");
insert into tarena.user(name)values("yay8a");
//查看名字里有数字的
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "[0-9]";
+-------+
| name |
+-------+
| yaya9 |
| 6yaya |
| ya7ya |
| yay8a |
+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//查看名字以数字开头
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "^[0-9]";
+-------+
| name |
+-------+
| 6yaya |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//查看名字以数字结尾
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "[0-9]$";
+-------+
| name |
+-------+
| yaya9 |
+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
//查看名字以r开头
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "^r";
+---------+
| name |
+---------+
| root |
| rpc |
| rpcuser |
+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//查看名字以t结尾
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "t$";
+------+
| name |
+------+
| root |
| halt |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
//查看名字以r开头或t结尾
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "^r|t$";
+---------+
| name |
+---------+
| root |
| halt |
| rpc |
| rpcuser |
+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//名字r开头t结尾
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name regexp "^r.*t$";
+------+
| name |
+------+
| root |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
步骤六:练习逻辑比较
多个判断条件
逻辑与 and && 多个判断条件必须同时成立
逻辑或 or || 多个判断条件其中某个条件成立即可
逻辑非 not ! 取反
命令操作如下所示:
//逻辑非例子,查看解释器不是/bin/bash 的
mysql> select name,shell from tarena.user where shell != "/bin/bash";
//not 也是取反 要放在表达式的前边
mysql> select name,shell from tarena.user where not shell = "/bin/bash";
//id值不在 10 到 20 之间
mysql> select id , name from tarena.user where not id between 10 and 20 ;
//逻辑与 例子
mysql> select name , uid from tarena.user where name="root" and uid = 1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select name , uid from tarena.user where name="root" and uid = 0;
+------+------+
| name | uid |
+------+------+
| root | 0 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//逻辑或 例子
mysql> select name , uid from tarena.user where name = "root" or name = "bin" or uid = 1;
+------+------+
| name | uid |
+------+------+
| root | 0 |
| bin | 1 |
+------+------+
mysql>
() 提高优先级
mysql> select 2 + 3 * 5 ; //使用默认计算顺序 先乘除后加减
+------------+
| 2 + 3 * 5 |
+------------+
| 17 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select (2 + 3 ) * 5 ; //先加法再乘法
+---------------+
| (2 + 3 ) * 5 |
+---------------+
| 25 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
逻辑匹配什么时候需要加()
逻辑与and 优先级高于逻辑或 or
如果在筛选条件里既有and 又有 or 默认先判断and 再判断or
//没加() 的查询结果
select name , uid from tarena.user
where name = "root" or name = "bin" and uid = 1 ;
+------+------+
| name | uid |
+------+------+
| root | 0 |
| bin | 1 |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//加()的查询结果
select name , uid from tarena.user
where (name = "root" or name = "bin") and uid = 1 ;
+------+------+
| name | uid |
+------+------+
| bin | 1 |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
步骤七:练习字符/空/非空
符号两边必须是字符 或字符类型的表头
= 相等比较
!= 不相等比较。
命令操作如下所示:
//查看表里是否有名字叫apache的用户
mysql> select name from tarena.user where name="apache" ;
+--------+
| name |
+--------+
| apache |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//输出解释器不是/bin/bash的用户名 及使用的解释器
mysql> select name , shell from tarena.user where shell != "/bin/bash";
+-----------------+----------------+
| name | shell |
+-----------------+----------------+
| bin | /sbin/nologin |
| daemon | /sbin/nologin |
| adm | /sbin/nologin |
| lp | /sbin/nologin |
| sync | /bin/sync |
| shutdown | /sbin/shutdown |
| halt | /sbin/halt |
| mail | /sbin/nologin |
| operator | /sbin/nologin |
| games | /sbin/nologin |
| ftp | /sbin/nologin |
| nobody | /sbin/nologin |
| systemd-network | /sbin/nologin |
| dbus | /sbin/nologin |
| polkitd | /sbin/nologin |
| sshd | /sbin/nologin |
| postfix | /sbin/nologin |
| chrony | /sbin/nologin |
| rpc | /sbin/nologin |
| rpcuser | /sbin/nologin |
| nfsnobody | /sbin/nologin |
| haproxy | /sbin/nologin |
| apache | /sbin/nologin |
| mysql | /bin/false |
+-----------------+----------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
空 is null 表头下没有数据
非空 is not null 表头下有数据
mysql服务 使用关键字 null 或 NULL 表示表头没有数据
//添加新行 仅给行中的id 表头和name表头赋值
mysql> insert into tarena.user(id,name) values(71,""); //零个字符
mysql> insert into tarena.user(id,name) values(72,"null");//普通字母
mysql> insert into tarena.user(id,name) values(73,NULL); //表示空
mysql> insert into tarena.user(id,name) values(74,null); //表示空
//查看id表头值大于等于70 的行 仅显示行中 id表头 和 naeme 表头的值
mysql> select id , name from tarena.user where id >= 71;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 71 | |
| 72 | null |
| 73 | NULL |
| 74 | NULL |
+----+------+
//查看name 表头没有数据的行 仅显示行中id表头 和 naeme 表头的值
mysql> select id , name from tarena.user where name is null;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 28 | NULL |
| 29 | NULL |
| 73 | NULL |
| 74 | NULL |
+----+------+
//查看name 表头是0个字符的行, 仅显示行中id表头 和 naeme 表头的值
mysql> select id , name from tarena.user where name="";
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 71 | |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//查看name 表头是null的行, 仅显示行中id表头 和 naeme 表头的值
mysql> select id , name from tarena.user where name="null";
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 72 | null |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//查看name 表头有数据的行, 仅显示行中id表头 和 name 表头的值
mysql> select id , name from tarena.user where name is not null;
+----+-----------------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------------+
| 1 | root |
| 2 | bin |
| 3 | daemon |
| 4 | adm |
| 5 | lp |
....
....
| 27 | bob |
| 71 | |
| 72 | null |
+----+-----------------+
步骤八:练习别名/去重/合并
命令操作如下所示:
//定义别名使用 as 或 空格
mysql> select name , homedir from tarena.user;
mysql> select name as 用户名 , homedir 家目录 from tarena.user;
//拼接 concat()
mysql> select concat(name,"-",uid) as 用户信息 from tarena.user where uid <= 5;
+--------------+
| 用户信息 |
+--------------+
| root-0 |
| bin-1 |
| daemon-2 |
| adm-3 |
| lp-4 |
| sync-5 |
+--------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//多列拼接
mysql> select concat(name , "-" , uid , "-" , gid) as 用户信息 from tarena.user where uid <= 5;
+--------------+
| 用户信息 |
+--------------+
| root-0-0 |
| bin-1-1 |
| daemon-2-2 |
| adm-3-4 |
| lp-4-7 |
| sync-5-0 |
+--------------+
去重显示 distinct 字段名列表
//定义别名使用 as 或 空格
mysql> select name , homedir from tarena.user;
mysql> select name as 用户名 , homedir 家目录 from tarena.user;
//拼接 concat()
mysql> select concat(name,"-",uid) as 用户信息 from tarena.user where uid <= 5;
+--------------+
| 用户信息 |
+--------------+
| root-0 |
| bin-1 |
| daemon-2 |
| adm-3 |
| lp-4 |
| sync-5 |
+--------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//多列拼接
mysql> select concat(name , "-" , uid , "-" , gid) as 用户信息 from tarena.user where uid <= 5;
+--------------+
| 用户信息 |
+--------------+
| root-0-0 |
| bin-1-1 |
| daemon-2-2 |
| adm-3-4 |
| lp-4-7 |
| sync-5-0 |
+--------------+
去重显示 distinct 字段名列表
//去重前输出
mysql> select shell from tarena.user where shell in ("/bin/bash","/sbin/nologin") ;
+---------------+
| shell |
+---------------+
| /bin/bash |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /sbin/nologin |
| /bin/bash |
| /sbin/nologin |
+---------------+
22 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//去重后查看
mysql> select distinct shell from tarena.user where shell in ("/bin/bash","/sbin/nologin") ;
+---------------+
| shell |
+---------------+
| /bin/bash |
| /sbin/nologin |
+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>