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北京大学暑期课：《ACM/ICPC竞赛训练》面向全球招生

Language: Default Round Numbers Time Limit: 2000MS   Memory Limit: 65536K Total Submissions: 10212   Accepted: 3720 Description The cows, as you know, have no fingers or thumbs and thus are unable to play Scissors, Paper, Stone' (also known as 'Rock, Paper, Scissors', 'Ro, Sham, Bo', and a host of other names) in order to make arbitrary decisions such as who gets to be milked first. They can't even flip a coin because it's so hard to toss using hooves. They have thus resorted to "round number" matching. The first cow picks an integer less than two billion. The second cow does the same. If the numbers are both "round numbers", the first cow wins, otherwise the second cow wins. A positive integer N is said to be a "round number" if the binary representation of N has as many or more zeroes than it has ones. For example, the integer 9, when written in binary form, is 1001. 1001 has two zeroes and two ones; thus, 9 is a round number. The integer 26 is 11010 in binary; since it has two zeroes and three ones, it is not a round number. Obviously, it takes cows a while to convert numbers to binary, so the winner takes a while to determine. Bessie wants to cheat and thinks she can do that if she knows how many "round numbers" are in a given range. Help her by writing a program that tells how many round numbers appear in the inclusive range given by the input (1 ≤ Start < Finish ≤ 2,000,000,000). Input Line 1: Two space-separated integers, respectively  Start and  Finish. Output Line 1: A single integer that is the count of round numbers in the inclusive range  Start.. Finish Sample Input 2 12 Sample Output 6 Source USACO 2006 November Silver

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
#define maxn 40

int L, R;
int d[maxn][maxn][maxn];
int digit[maxn];

int dfs(int pos, int num1, int num2, int have, int flag)/// num1 & num2 means before the "pos" the amount of "0" & "1".
{
    if(pos == -1)
        return num1 >= num2;/// num1 represent the number of 0, and num2 means 1
    if(!flag && d[pos][num1][num2]!=-1)
        return d[pos][num1][num2];
    int ans = 0;
    int end = flag ? digit[pos] : 1;
    for(int i=0; i<=end; i++) ///know this value is on "pos" position.
    {
        int t1 = num1, t2 = num2, nhave = have;
        if(have && i==0) t1++;
        if(i==1)
        {
            nhave = 1;
            t2++;
        }
        ans += dfs(pos-1, t1, t2, nhave, flag&&i==end);
    }
    if(!flag)
        d[pos][num1][num2] = ans;
    return ans;
}

int cal(int x)
{
    int pos = 0;
    if(x == -1)
        return 0;
    while(x)
    {
        digit[pos++] = x % 2;
        x /= 2;
    }
    return dfs(pos-1, 0, 0, 0, 1);
}

int main()
{
    memset(d, -1, sizeof(d));
    while(~scanf("%d%d", &L, &R))
    {
        printf("%d\n", cal(R) - cal(L-1));
//        for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
//        cout<<d[i][0][0]<<" ";
//        cout<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}