Optional类:为了在程序中避免出现空指针异常而创建的。
常用的方法:
ofNullable(T t)
orElse(T t)
Optional.of(T t) : 创建一个 Optional 实例,t必须非空;
Optional.empty() : 创建一个空的 Optional 实例
Optional.ofNullable(T t):t可以为null
Optional.of(对象):对象不能为空
public void test1(){
Girl girl = new Girl();
Optional<Girl> optionalGirl = Optional.of(girl);
System.out.println(optionalGirl);
}
Optional.ofNullable(T t)和Optional.orElse(T t)的使用
public void test2(){
Girl girl = new Girl();
girl = null;
Optional<Girl> optionalGirl = Optional.ofNullable(girl);
System.out.println(optionalGirl);
Girl girl1 = optionalGirl.orElse(new Girl("古力娜扎"));
System.out.println(girl1);
Girl girl2 = new Girl("迪丽热巴");
Optional<Girl> optionalGirl2 = Optional.ofNullable(girl2);
System.out.println(optionalGirl2);
Girl orElse = optionalGirl2.orElse(new Girl("古力娜扎"));
System.out.println(orElse);
}
lambda表达式和方法引用
@Test
public void test2(){
Comparator<Integer> com1 = new Comparator<Integer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
return Integer.compare(o1, o2);
}
};
int compare1 = com1.compare(12,21);
System.out.println(compare1);
Comparator<Integer> com2 = (o1,o2) -> Integer.compare(o1, o2);
int compare2 = com2.compare(34,43);
System.out.println(compare2);
Comparator<Integer> com3 = Integer :: compare;
int compare3 = com3.compare(34,43);
System.out.println(compare3);
}
lambda表达式的说明
Lambda表达式的使用
1.举例:(o1,o2) -> Integer.compare(o1,o2);
2.格式:
-> :lambda操作符 或 箭头操作符
->左边:lambda形参列表 (其实就是接口中的抽象方法的形参列表)
->右边:lambda体(其实就是重写的抽象方法的方法体)
3.Lambda表达式的使用:(分为6种情况介绍)
总结:
->左边:lambda形参列表的参数类型可以省略(类型推断);如果lambda形参列表只有一个参数,其一对()也可以省略
->右边:lambda体应该使用一对{}包裹;如果lambda体只有一条执行语句(可能是return语句),省略这一对{}和return关键字
4.lambda表达式的本质:作为接口的实例
lambda语法格式一:无参、无表达式
Runnable r1 = new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("我爱北京天安门");
}
};
r1.run();
Runnable r2 = () -> {System.out.println("我爱北京故宫");};
r2.run();
lambda语法格式二:Lambda 需要一个参数,但没有返回值
Consumer<String> con = new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
}
};
con.accept("我干尼玛啊!");
Consumer<String> con1 = (String s) -> {System.out.println(s);};
con1.accept("我也...");
语法格式三;数据类型可以省略,因为可由编译器推断得出,称为”类型推断“
Consumer<String> con = new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
}
};
con.accept("我干尼玛啊!");
Consumer<String> con1 = (s) -> {System.out.println(s);};
con1.accept("我也...");
语法格式4:Lambda 若只需要一个参数时,参数的小括号可以省略
Consumer<String> con = new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
}
};
con.accept("我干尼玛啊!");
Consumer<String> con1 = s -> {System.out.println(s);};
con1.accept("我也...");
语法格式5:Lambda 需要两个或以上的参数,多条执行语句,并且有返回值
Comparator<Integer> con = new Comparator<Integer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
System.out.println(o1);
System.out.println(o2);
return o1.compareTo(o2);
}
};
Comparator<Integer> con1 = (o1,o2) -> {
System.out.println(o1);
System.out.println(o2);
return o1.compareTo(o2);
};
int compare = con1.compare(123, 24);
System.out.println(compare);
语法格式6:Lambda 体只有一条语句时,return 与 大括号若有,都可以省略
Comparator<Integer> con = new Comparator<>(){
@Override
public int compareTo(Integer o1,Integer o2){
return o1.compareTo(o2);
}
}
Comparator<Integer> con = (o1,o2)->o1.compareTo(o2);
int compare = con.compare(213, 242);
System.out.println(compare);
引用和lambda在构造器中的使用:Supplier.get():空参构造器
@Test
public void test1(){
Supplier<Employee> sup = new Supplier<Employee>() {
@Override
public Employee get() {
return new Employee();
}
};
System.out.println("*******************");
Supplier<Employee> sup1 = () -> new Employee();
System.out.println(sup1.get());
System.out.println("*******************");
Supplier<Employee> sup2 = Employee :: new;
System.out.println(sup2.get());
}
引用和lambda在构造器中的使用:Function.apply():一个参数的构造器
@Test
public void test2(){
Function<Integer,Employee> func = new Function<Integer, Employee>() {
@Override
public Employee apply(Integer id) {
return new Employee(id);
}
};
Employee apply = func.apply(1000);
System.out.println(apply);
Function<Integer,Employee> func1 = id -> new Employee(id);
Employee employee = func1.apply(1001);
System.out.println(employee);
System.out.println("*******************");
Function<Integer,Employee> func2 = Employee :: new;
Employee employee1 = func2.apply(1002);
System.out.println(employee1);
}
引用和lambda在构造器中的使用:BiFunction.apply():两个参数的构造器
@Test
public void test3(){
BiFunction<Integer,String,Employee> func = new BiFunction<Integer, String, Employee>() {
@Override
public Employee apply(Integer id, String name) {
return new Employee(id,name);
}
};
System.out.println(func.apply(1000, "tom"));
System.out.println("*******************");
BiFunction<Integer,String,Employee> func1 = (id,name) -> new Employee(id,name);
System.out.println(func1.apply(1001,"Tom"));
System.out.println("*******************");
BiFunction<Integer,String,Employee> func2 = Employee :: new;
System.out.println(func2.apply(1002,"Tom"));
}
引用和lambda在构造器中的使用:Function.apply(T t):多个参数的构造器
@Test
public void test4(){
Function<Integer,String[]> func = new Function<Integer, String[]>() {
@Override
public String[] apply(Integer length) {
return new String[length];
}
};
String[] apply = func.apply(5);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(apply));
System.out.println("*******************");
Function<Integer,String[]> func1 = length -> new String[length];
String[] arr1 = func1.apply(5);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr1));
System.out.println("*******************");
Function<Integer,String[]> func2 = String[] :: new;
String[] arr2 = func2.apply(10);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr2));
}
方法引用的使用情况一:对象 :: 实例方法
@Test
public void test1() {
Consumer<String> con = new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
}
};
con.accept("普通方式");
System.out.println("*******************");
Consumer<String> con1 = str -> System.out.println(str);
con1.accept("北京");
System.out.println("*******************");
PrintStream ps = System.out;
Consumer<String> con2 = ps::println;
con2.accept("beijing");
}
@Test
public void test2() {
Employee emp = new Employee(1001,"Tom",23,5600);
Supplier<String> sup = new Supplier<String>() {
@Override
public String get() {
return emp.getName();
}
};
System.out.println(sup.get());
System.out.println("*******************");
Supplier<String> sup1 = () -> emp.getName();
System.out.println(sup1.get());
System.out.println("*******************");
Supplier<String> sup2 = emp::getName;
System.out.println(sup2.get());
}
方法引用的情况二:类 :: 静态方法
@Test
public void test3() {
Comparator<Integer> com1 = (t1,t2) -> Integer.compare(t1,t2);
System.out.println(com1.compare(12,21));
System.out.println("*******************");
Comparator<Integer> com2 = Integer::compare;
System.out.println(com2.compare(12,3));
}
@Test
public void test4() {
Function<Double,Long> func = new Function<Double, Long>() {
@Override
public Long apply(Double d) {
return Math.round(d);
}
};
System.out.println("*******************");
Function<Double,Long> func1 = d -> Math.round(d);
System.out.println(func1.apply(12.3));
System.out.println("*******************");
Function<Double,Long> func2 = Math::round;
System.out.println(func2.apply(12.6));
}
方法引用的情况三:类 :: 实例方法 (有难度)
@Test
public void test5() {
Comparator<String> com1 = (s1,s2) -> s1.compareTo(s2);
System.out.println(com1.compare("abc","abd"));
System.out.println("*******************");
Comparator<String> com2 = String :: compareTo;
System.out.println(com2.compare("abd","abm"));
}
上面构造器引用中所用到的类
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private double salary;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public Employee() {
System.out.println("Employee().....");
}
public Employee(int id) {
this.id = id;
System.out.println("Employee(int id).....");
}
public Employee(int id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public Employee(int id, String name, int age, double salary) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.salary = salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", salary=" + salary + '}';
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o)
return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
return false;
Employee employee = (Employee) o;
if (id != employee.id)
return false;
if (age != employee.age)
return false;
if (Double.compare(employee.salary, salary) != 0)
return false;
return name != null ? name.equals(employee.name) : employee.name == null;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result;
long temp;
result = id;
result = 31 * result + (name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0);
result = 31 * result + age;
temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(salary);
result = 31 * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
return result;
}
}
public class EmployeeData {
public static List<Employee> getEmployees(){
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new Employee(1001, "马化腾", 34, 6000.38));
list.add(new Employee(1002, "马云", 12, 9876.12));
list.add(new Employee(1003, "刘强东", 33, 3000.82));
list.add(new Employee(1004, "雷军", 26, 7657.37));
list.add(new Employee(1005, "李彦宏", 65, 5555.32));
list.add(new Employee(1006, "比尔盖茨", 42, 9500.43));
list.add(new Employee(1007, "任正非", 26, 4333.32));
list.add(new Employee(1008, "扎克伯格", 35, 2500.32));
return list;
}
}