如图：scanf()函数老要输入两次，按回车键盘后还得输入一个数再按回车健，才结束
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i, b;
int result;//函数返回值
scanf("%d ", &i);
printf("普通拳!\n");
//scanf("%d %d", &i, &b);
//result = scanf_s("%d %d", &i, &b);//运行结果为2，因为输入了两个数，一个a,一个b
return 0;
}
后来经过我仔细检查代码后发现，是我在%d后面多加了个空格
把空格删掉就好了：
文章目录
20230816
scanf() 或 scanf_s() 函数需要输入两次的问题
本文旨在探讨 C 语言中 scanf() 或 scanf_s() 函数在使用过程中可能出现需要输入两次才能正确执行的情况。这是一个常见的新手问题，但解答起来却涉及到 C 语言的输入/输出（I/O）系统、缓冲机制、格式化输入函数的行为等多个深入话题。
scanf() 和 scanf_s() 简介
scanf() 是 C 语言的标准库函数之一，用于从标准输入设备（通常是键盘）读取并解析数据。scanf_s() 是其安全版本，主要在微软的 Visual Studio 中使用，与 scanf() 相比，它需要提供接收输入数据的缓冲区大小，以防止缓冲区溢出攻击。
基本用法如下：
int a;
scanf("%d", &a);
int a;
scanf_s("%d", &a, sizeof(a));
为什么 scanf() 或 scanf_s() 需要输入两次
我们先来看一个典型的示例代码，展示这种现象：
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char ch;
int i;
printf("请输入一个字符和一个整数：");
scanf("%c%d", &ch, &i);
printf("你输入的字符是：%c，整数是：%d\n", ch, i);
return 0;
}
当我们运行此程序并尝试输入一个字符和一个整数时（例如 “a” 和 “5”），会发现需要输入两次才能正确显示结果。
问题出在 scanf() 的行为上。当 scanf() 读取到第一个非空格字符时，就会立即停止读取更多输入，并将该字符留在输入流中。所以，在第一次输入 “a” 和 “5” 后，scanf() 读取了字符 “a”，但 “5” 还留在了输入流中。然后，当 scanf() 再次被调用以读取整数时，它会跳过输入流中任何的空白字符（包括空格、换行符等），直接读取并返回剩余的 “5”。
这就是为什么在这种情况下，scanf() 或 scanf_s() 似乎需要输入两次才能得到预期结果。
解决方案
使用空白字符
在格式字符串中加入空白字符，可以让 scanf() 跳过任何数量的空白字符（包括换行符）。对于上述示例代码，只需修改 scanf() 的格式字符串即可：
scanf(" %c%d", &ch, &i);
清空输入缓冲区
另一个常见的解决方法是在每次调用 scanf() 之后清空输入缓冲区。虽然 C 语言标准库没有提供直接清空输入缓冲区的函数，但我们可以通过循环读取并丢弃输入流中的剩余字符来达到同样的效果：
while ((ch = getchar()) != '\n' && ch != EOF);
这段代码会连续读取输入流中的字符，直到遇到换行符或文件结束符。
结论
理解 scanf() 或 scanf_s() 的行为并不简单，因为它们与 C 语言的 I/O 系统和缓冲机制紧密相连。希望通过本文，你已经明白为什么有时候这些函数似乎需要输入两次才能得到预期的结果，以及如何避免这个问题。
参考资料：
- Kernighan, B. W., & Ritchie, D. M. (1988). The C Programming Language. Prentice-Hall.
- Plauger, P. J., Brodie, L., Koenig, A., & Martin, R. (2000). Standard C: A Reference. Prentice Hall.
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