本文详细介绍了数据库中的基本概念，包括字段（列）、记录（元组）、表、主键和外键。字段是数据库表中的数据项，如名字、年龄等；记录是一行数据，包含一组相关字段；表是由字段和记录组成的结构；主键用于唯一标识每条记录，而外键则用于连接不同表，建立关系。
参考文章：数据库中的关键字——字段（列）、记录（元组）、表、主键、外键
后更。。。
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数据库中的关键字：字段、记录、表、主键、外键
数据库是一种结构化的数据存储系统，它可以用于存储、检索和管理大量数据。在数据库中，数据以表格的形式组织，包括多个字段（列）、记录（元组）、表、主键和外键。这些都是数据库的关键概念，对于理解数据库的工作方式和设计极其重要。
字段（列）
字段或者称为列，是数据库表中的一个数据项。每个字段代表了某种类型的数据，例如，一个人的名字、年龄或地址。在SQL中，我们可以使用CREATE TABLE语句创建具有特定字段的新表：
CREATE TABLE Customers (
CustomerID int,
CustomerName varchar(255),
ContactName varchar(255),
Country varchar(255),
Phone varchar(255)
);
在这个例子中，Customers表有五个字段：CustomerID、CustomerName、ContactName、Country和Phone。
记录（元组）
记录或元组是数据库表中的一行数据。它是一个数据实体，包含一组相关的数据项，这些数据项在逻辑上彼此关联。在SQL中，我们可以使用INSERT INTO语句向表中添加新记录：
INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, CustomerName, ContactName, Country, Phone)
VALUES (1, 'Alfreds Futterkiste', 'Maria Anders', 'Germany', '030-0074321');
在这个例子中，我们向Customers表中插入了一个包含五个字段值的新记录。
表
表是数据库中存储数据的基本单位。它由行（记录）和列（字段）组成，形成一个二维结构。表中的每一行表示一个数据项，每一列代表该数据项的一个属性。在SQL中，我们可以使用SELECT语句查询表中的数据：
SELECT * FROM Customers;
这个语句将返回Customers表中的所有记录和字段。
主键
主键是数据库表中用于唯一标识每个记录的一个或多个字段。每个表只能有一个主键，主键的值必须是唯一的，不能为NULL。在SQL中，我们可以在CREATE TABLE语句中指定主键：
CREATE TABLE Customers (
CustomerID int PRIMARY KEY,
CustomerName varchar(255),
ContactName varchar(255),
Country varchar(255),
Phone varchar(255)
);
在这个例子中，CustomerID字段被设定为主键。
外键
外键是一个或多个字段，它们被用于连接两个表。外键在一个表中定义，与另一个表的主键相匹配。在SQL中，我们可以在CREATE TABLE语句中指定外键：
CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID int PRIMARY KEY,
CustomerID int,
OrderDate date,
FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customers(CustomerID)
);
在这个例子中，Orders表的CustomerID字段是一个外键，它引用了Customers表的CustomerID字段。
参考文章
- “SQL Tutorial.” W3Schools. 链接
- “Database Design for Mere Mortals: A Hands-On Guide to Relational Database Design.” Michael J. Hernandez. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2013.
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