man 2 umask
UMASK(2) Linux Programmer's Manual UMASK(2)
NAME
umask - set file mode creation mask //设置文件模式创建掩码
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
mode_t umask(mode_t mask);
DESCRIPTION
umask() sets the calling process's file mode creation mask (umask) to mask & 0777 (i.e., only the file permission bits of mask are used), and returns the
previous value of the mask.
//umask() 将调用进程的文件模式创建掩码 (umask) 设置为 mask & 0777（即仅使用掩码的文件权限位），并返回掩码的先前值。
The umask is used by open(2), mkdir(2), and other system calls that create files to modify the permissions placed on newly created files or directories.
Specifically, permissions in the umask are turned off from the mode argument to open(2) and mkdir(2).
//umask 由 open(2)、mkdir(2) 和其他创建文件的系统调用使用，以修改放置在新创建的文件或目录上的权限。
//具体来说，umask 中的权限从 open(2) 和 mkdir(2) 的 mode 参数关闭。
Alternatively, if the parent directory has a default ACL (see acl(5)), the umask is ignored, the default ACL is inherited, the permission bits are set
based on the inherited ACL, and permission bits absent in the mode argument are turned off. For example, the following default ACL is equivalent to a
umask of 022:
//或者，如果父目录有默认 ACL（参见 acl(5)），则忽略 umask，继承默认 ACL，根据继承的 ACL 设置权限位，模式参数中缺少的权限位被关闭。
//例如，以下默认 ACL 等效于 umask 022：
u::rwx,g::r-x,o::r-x
Combining the effect of this default ACL with a mode argument of 0666 (rw-rw-rw-), the resulting file permissions would be 0644 (rw-r--r--).
//将此默认 ACL 的效果与模式参数 0666 (rw-rw-rw-) 相结合，生成的文件权限将为 0644 (rw-r--r--)。
The constants that should be used to specify mask are described under stat(2).
//用于指定掩码的常量在 stat(2) 中进行了描述。
The typical default value for the process umask is S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH (octal 022). In the usual case where the mode argument to open(2) is specified as:
//进程 umask 的典型默认值为 S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH（八进制 022）。
//在通常情况下 open(2) 的 mode 参数被指定为：
S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH
(octal 0666) when creating a new file, the permissions on the resulting file will be:
//（八进制 0666）创建新文件时，生成文件的权限将是：
S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH
(because 0666 & ~022 = 0644; i.e., rw-r--r--).
RETURN VALUE
This system call always succeeds and the previous value of the mask is returned.
//这个系统调用总是成功并且返回之前的掩码值。
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
NOTES
A child process created via fork(2) inherits its parent's umask. The umask is left unchanged by execve(2).
The umask setting also affects the permissions assigned to POSIX IPC objects (mq_open(3), sem_open(3), shm_open(3)), FIFOs (mkfifo(3)), and UNIX domain
sockets (unix(7)) created by the process. The umask does not affect the permissions assigned to System V IPC objects created by the process (using
msgget(2), semget(2), shmget(2)).
SEE ALSO
chmod(2), mkdir(2), open(2), stat(2), acl(5)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 4.04 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version
of this page, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux 2015-08-08 UMASK(2)
Manual page umask(2) line 18/59 (END) (press h for help or q to quit)
20230816
Linux C语言中的umask()函数
在本文中，我们将深入探讨Linux C语言中的umask()函数。它是Linux文件系统权限管理中的重要组成部分，对于理解和处理文件和目录权限至关重要。
什么是umask()
umask()是一个用于设置文件模式创建屏蔽的函数。换句话说，当我们创建新的文件或目录时，umask()函数确定哪些权限将被剥夺。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
mode_t umask(mode_t mask);
上述函数将以前的值设置为参数mask，然后返回旧的umask值。注意这个函数不会失败，所以没有errno值需要检查。
umask()函数的工作原理
在文件系统中，每个文件和目录都有一套与之相关联的权限，包括所有者的读、写、执行权限，组的读、写、执行权限以及其他人的读、写、执行权限。当创建新的文件或目录时，umask()函数定义了哪些权限将不被授予。
举个例子，如果你想创建一个所有人都可以读取但只有所有者可以写入的文件，你可以将umask设置为022。这意味着在计算结果权限时，组和其他用户的写权限（对应于八进制的"2"）将被删除。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
int main() {
mode_t oldmask = umask(022);
/*... 创建文件 ...*/
umask(oldmask); // 恢复旧的umask值
return 0;
}
在这个例子中，我们首先保存了旧的umask值，然后设置新的umask值，进行文件操作，最后恢复旧的umask值。
如何正确使用umask()
在编程中，为了确保我们的程序行为符合预期，我们需要注意以下几点：
-
保存旧的umask值：如上面的例子所示，我们应该在更改umask之前保存旧的值，以便在完成文件操作后可以恢复。
-
线程安全：请注意，umask是全局的，并且在多线程环境中使用umask可能会导致问题。如果你的程序是多线程的，那么你应该避免更改umask，或者使用适当的同步机制来保护umask的更改。
-
权限设置：考虑到安全性，你可能想要限制创建的文件和目录的权限。一个常见的做法是设置umask为077，这样只有文件的所有者才能读取和写入文件。
-
错误处理：虽然
umask()函数不会失败，但在调用其他文件操作函数（如open()或mkdir()）时可能会出现错误。你应该总是检查这些函数的返回值，并适当地处理错误。
参考资料
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