Linux 黑话解释：TTY 是什么？ | Linux 中国
看不太懂。。
tty是Teletype的缩写，终端是一种字符型设备，它有多种类型，通常使用tty来简称各种类型的终端设备。
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文章目录
Linux的TTY和伪TTY
在Linux系统中，用户通常会通过命令行界面进行交互。这个命令行界面通常被称为终端（Terminal）。但在更底层，我们实际上是在与TTY设备进行交互。那么，什么是TTY设备呢？下面将从多个角度进行深入讲解。
1. TTY的历史和定义
1.1 TTY的历史
“TTY”是"Teletypewriter"的缩写，源自早期的电传打字机设备。这些设备最初用于发送电报，在计算机时代，它们转变为一种输入/输出设备，用于连接到计算机系统。因此，当我们在Linux中谈论TTY时，我们实际上是在参考这些历史设备的现代等效物。
$ tty
/dev/pts/0
1.2 TTY的定义
在Linux系统中，TTY是一个特殊的设备文件，用于表示一个物理或虚拟的终端。每一个TTY都有一个唯一的设备文件，通常位于/dev/目录下，例如/dev/tty1，/dev/tty2等。每个设备文件都与一个特定的终端相关联。
2. 伪TTY（PTY）
2.1 伪TTY的定义
伪TTY（PTY）是一种虚拟设备，模拟真实TTY的行为。正如其名，它并不直接关联任何物理设备，而是作为软件创建，以供程序像使用真实TTY一样使用。
2.2 PTY的工作方式
伪终端由两部分组成：主设备（PTY master）和从设备（PTY slave）。主设备用于接收来自进程的输入，并将输出传送给从设备；从设备则用于接收来自用户（例如键盘输入）的输入，并将输出传送给主设备。
$ ls /dev/ptmx
/dev/ptmx
$ ls /dev/pts/
0 1 2 3 ptmx
3. TTY和伪TTY的应用
3.1 控制台
在Linux系统启动时，系统会自动开启多个TTY，即所谓的控制台。你可以通过按下Ctrl+Alt+F[1-6]快捷键切换到这些控制台。
3.2 终端模拟器
当我们在图形界面中打开一个终端窗口时，我们实际上是在使用一个终端模拟器，这个终端模拟器是通过伪TTY实现的。
4. 结论
虽然TTY和伪TTY的概念可能有点复杂，但它们是Linux系统中的重要组成部分，了解它们的工作原理有助于更好地理解Linux系统的运行机制。
参考文献：
- Neil, M., & Janssen, C. (2021). “What is a TTY on Linux? (and How to Use the tty Command)”. How-To Geek. Retrieved from https://www.howtogeek.com/428174/what-is-a-tty-on-linux-and-how-to-use-the-tty-command/.
- “Pseudo-Terminal”. The GNU C Library. Retrieved from https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Pseudo_002dTerminals.html.
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