上文说，-u只适用于python2，但我测试，python3也可以
比如：
python3 -u /nvidia/ky_ai/nv/m/coal_car/alg/main.py >> .log & //加-u表示无缓存输出标准输出，不加2>&1不会输出标准错误
python3 -u /nvidia/ky_ai/nv/m/coal_car/alg/main.py >> .log 2>&1 & //输出标准输出和标准错误
python3 -u /nvidia/ky_ai/nv/m/coal_car/alg/main.py 2>> .log & //只输出标准错误
另外：
20230816
Python在Linux中的无缓存输出
Python 是一种解释型、面向对象、动态数据类型的高级程序设计语言。默认情况下，Python 的标准输出（stdout）和标准错误（stderr）都有缓存机制。在 Linux 系统中，我们可以通过 -u 参数让 Python 解释器在运行脚本时禁用这种缓存机制。
什么是缓冲？
在计算机系统中，缓冲区或缓存是为了暂时存储数据以便后续处理的一块内存区域。数据在输入和输出设备之间传输时，通常会被临时保存在缓冲区中。而对于 Python 脚本来说，标准输出（stdout）和标准错误（stderr）也有自己的缓冲区。
通常情况下，当执行 print 函数或其他写入 stdout 或 stderr 的操作时，数据并不会立即被发送到目标位置，而是先存放在缓冲区。只有当缓冲区满了，或者你手动刷新（flush）缓冲区，或者程序正常结束，才会将缓冲区的内容真正写入目标位置。
示例：缓冲区的影响
下面是一个 Python 程序的示例，它演示了标准输出的缓冲效果：
import time
for i in range(5):
print(i)
time.sleep(1)
在这个例子中，我们希望每隔一秒打印一个数字。但是，如果你试图将这个程序的输出重定向到一个文件，你可能会发现所有的输出都在程序结束后一次性出现，而不是像预期的那样逐步出现。
Python 的 -u 参数
Python 提供了 -u 参数，允许我们在启动 Python 解释器时禁用 stdout 和 stderr 的缓冲。
使用方法
你可以在命令行中使用 -u 参数启动 Python，如下所示：
python3 -u my_script.py
或者，你也可以在脚本的 shebang 行中指定 -u 参数，如下所示：
#!/usr/bin/env python3 -u
示例：禁用缓冲
下面是一个使用 -u 参数的示例，它演示了禁用标准输出缓冲的效果：
import time
for i in range(5):
print(i)
time.sleep(1)
如果你用 -u 参数运行这个程序，并将其输出重定向到一个文件，你会看到每隔一秒就会有一个新的数字出现在文件中，而不是所有的数字在程序结束后一次性出现。
总结
Python 的 -u 参数提供了一种方便的方式来禁用 stdout 和 stderr 的缓冲。这在某些场景下非常有用，例如，当你需要实时监控 Python 程序的输出时。然而，请注意，禁用缓冲可能会增加 IO 操作的数量，从而降低程序的运行效率。因此，除非确实需要，否则通常不推荐禁用缓冲。
参考资料
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