新手如何搭建spring web工程

下面我们搭建一个spring mvc的基本工程

如何下载spring包，在《新手如何配置spring》一文中已说明

在eclipse中创建 Dynamic web project

整个项目目录结构

 

首先导入一下几个包到lib文件夹

 

编写控制器类

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package  com.wzltxm.controller;   import  org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import  org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import  org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;     @Controller ( "commonController" ) @RequestMapping (value= "common" ) public  class  CommonController {            @RequestMapping (value= "login" , method=RequestMethod.GET)      public  String loginPage(){          return  "login" ;      }   }

然后创建spring-root.xml

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<? xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans  xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"      xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"      xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"      xsi:schemaLocation="          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd          http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc          http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd">        < mvc:annotation-driven  />      < context:component-scan  base-package = "com.wzltxm.controller" ></ context:component-scan >        < bean  id = "viewResolver"  class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"          p:prefix = "/WEB-INF/page/"  p:suffix = ".jsp" >        </ bean >         </ beans >

接下来编写 spring-mvc.xml

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<? xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans  xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"      xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"      xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"      xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"      xsi:schemaLocation="          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd          http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc          http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd">                <!-- 开启mvc注解功能 -->      < mvc:annotation-driven  />      <!-- 配置自动扫描注解组件，如果配置了此项，可省略上面的annotation-driven -->      < context:component-scan  base-package = "com.wzltxm.controller" ></ context:component-scan >            <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->      < bean  id = "viewResolver"  class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"          p:prefix = "/WEB-INF/page/"  p:suffix = ".jsp" >      </ bean >     </ beans >

接下来配置web.xml

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<? xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < web-app  xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"      xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee              http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"      version = "3.0" >            <!-- 配置项目名称 -->      < display-name >springWebFirst</ display-name >            <!-- 配置默认首页 -->      < welcome-file-list >          < welcome-file >index.html</ welcome-file >          < welcome-file >index.htm</ welcome-file >          < welcome-file >index.jsp</ welcome-file >      </ welcome-file-list >            <!-- 配置spring上下文监听器 -->      < listener >          < description >spring监听器</ description >          < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class >      </ listener >      < context-param >          < description >spring上下文配置文件</ description >          < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >          < param-value >classpath:spring-root.xml</ param-value >      </ context-param >            < filter >          < description >字符集过滤器</ description >          < filter-name >encodingFilter</ filter-name >          < filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</ filter-class >          < init-param >              < description >字符编码</ description >              < param-name >encoding</ param-name >              < param-value >UTF-8</ param-value >          </ init-param >          < init-param >              < description >请求返回时也重新编码</ description >              < param-name >forceEncoding</ param-name >              < param-value >true</ param-value >          </ init-param >      </ filter >      <!-- 对所有请求进行编码过滤 -->      < filter-mapping >          < filter-name >encodingFilter</ filter-name >          < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern >      </ filter-mapping >            <!-- 所有请求交给Dispatcher Servlet进行分发处理 -->      < servlet >          < servlet-name >dispatcher</ servlet-name >          < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class >          < init-param >              < description >springMVC控制器配置文件</ description >              < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >              < param-value >classpath:spring-mvc.xml</ param-value >          </ init-param >          <!-- 启动程序就加载该Servlet -->          < load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup >      </ servlet >      <!-- 对所有请求进行分发处理 -->      < servlet-mapping >          < servlet-name >dispatcher</ servlet-name >          < url-pattern >/</ url-pattern >      </ servlet-mapping >      < servlet-mapping >          < servlet-name >default</ servlet-name >          < url-pattern >*.html</ url-pattern >      </ servlet-mapping >            <!-- session设置为20分钟不操作失效 -->      < session-config >          < session-timeout >20</ session-timeout >      </ session-config >       </ web-app >

然后创建login.jsp文件

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<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"  %> <!DOCTYPE html> < html > < head > < title >登录页面</ title > </ head > < body > < form  action = "/login"  method = "POST" >      < input  type = "text"  id = "account"  name = "account"  />< br />< br />      < input  type = "password"  id = "password"  name = "password"  />< br />< br />      < input  type = "submit"  value = "提交"  /> </ form > </ body > </ html >

至此配置完成

通过：http://localhost:8080/SpringWebFirst/common/login 便可浏览login.jsp页面

下面我们来解释上面视图解析器的意思

视图解析器的作用是给控制器中返回的login添加前后缀，让它找到web-inf/page/login.jsp这个文件，

因为在web-inf目录下的文件是不可见的，安全性较高，需要通过服务器程序去查找，在浏览器无法通过路径获取

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