ZOJ 3878 Convert QWERTY to Dvorak（12th 浙江省赛）

Convert QWERTY to Dvorak

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Time Limit: 2 Seconds       Memory Limit: 65536 KB

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Edward, a poor copy typist, is a user of the Dvorak Layout. But now he has only a QWERTY Keyboard with a broken Caps Lock key, so Edward never presses the broken Caps Lock key. Luckily, all the other keys on the QWERTY keyboard work well. Every day, he has a lot of documents to type. Thus he needs a converter to translate QWERTY into Dvorak. Can you help him?

The QWERTY Layout and the Dvorak Layout are in the following:

The QWERTY Layout

The Dvorak Layout

Input

A QWERTY document Edward typed. The document has no more than 100 kibibytes. And there are no invalid characters in the document.

Output

The Dvorak document.

Sample Input

Jgw Gqm Andpw a H.soav Patsfk f;doe
Nfk Gq.d slpt a X,dokt vdtnsaohe
Kjd yspps,glu pgld; aod yso kd;kgluZ
1234567890
`~!@#$%^&*()}"']_+-=ZQqWEwe{[\|
ANIHDYf.,bt/
ABCDEFuvwxyz

Sample Output

Hi, I'm Abel, a Dvorak Layout user.
But I've only a Qwerty keyboard.
The following lines are for testing:
1234567890
`~!@#$%^&*()+_-={}[]:"'<>,.?/\|
ABCDEFuvwxyz
AXJE>Ugk,qf;

其实这题就是一个简单的模拟题，但是比赛的时候就一直Segmentation Fault,后来发现是gets（）出了问题， 把它换掉就行了

在这里科普一下Segmentation  Fault: 基本上的原因是，非法的内存访问。例如数组的越界，在循环操作时循环变量的控制问题，也有字符串拷贝时长度溢出，指针指向了非法的空间，还有就是申明一个指针，但却没有对其初始化，就直接引用，或者没有开辟内存空间就释放内存，所以要检查申请空间时间偶成功.

在打表的时候要注意‘"'和‘\'这两个符号，都要在它们前面加‘\’

代码如下：

#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

char p[]={"~`!1@2#3$4%5^6&7*8(9)0_-+=QqWwEeRrTtYyUuIiOoPp{[}]|\\AaSsDdFfGgHhJjKkLl:;\"'ZzXxCcVvBbNnMm<,>.?/"};
char q[]={"~`!1@2#3$4%5^6&7*8(9)0{[}]\"'<,>.PpYyFfGgCcRrLl?/+=|\\AaOoEeUuIiDdHhTtNnSs_-:;QqJjKkXxBbMmWwVvZz"};
char c;

char print(char c)
{
	for(int i=0; p[i]; i++)
        if(p[i]==c)
            return q[i];
    return c;
}

int main()
{
	while(~(c=getchar()) )
	{
		printf("%c",print(c));
	}
	return 0;
}