Java中字符串相等的测试

Java中测试字符串是否相等的方法是.equals()，如果使用C++中惯用的==运算符，则有可能出错。对于字符串常量，JVM会合理安排它们以便能够共享，这时可以使用==来判定相等性；而字符串如果是+或substring等操作的结果，则千万别用==。看下面程序

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public class Equality {

  public static void main(String[] args) {

    new Equality().run();

  }

  public void run() {

    String x = "hello";

    String y = "hello";

    // Assuming Equality uses a String constant, this prints true,true
    compare(x, y);

    // A "new String" is uniquely created, so this prints false, true
    compare(x, new String(y));

    // substring操作生成了一个新字符串, prints false, true
    compare(x, "hello world".substring(0, 5));

    // The intern() operator returns a string from the pool of unique strings, so this should print true, true.
    compare(x, new String(x).intern());  

    /*很奇怪，"he"+"llo"合并字符串操作没生成新的字符串？（The string concatenation operator produces a new String object that contains the concatenation of its operands; the characters of the left operand precede the characters of the right operand in the newly created string.）但输出却是true,true*/
    compare(x,"he"+"llo");

  }

  public void compare(String s1, String s2) {

    System.out.print("==:       ");

    System.out.println(s1 == s2);

    System.out.println(".equals():" + s1.equals(s2));

    System.out.println();

  }

}

PS：当一个String实例str调用intern() 方法时，Java查找字符串池中是否有相同Unicode的字符串常量，如果有，则返回其的引用， 如果没有，则在字符串池中增加一个Unicode等于str的字符串并返回它的引用。字符串池最初是空的，由String类在私下维护。

 

程序输出：

所以，千万不要在Java中使用==来测试字符串的相等性。它只是用来确定字符串是否存储在相同的内存位置，而对于两个相同的字符串存储在不同的位置是完全有可能的。