动画机制与使用

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-08 15:23:43 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-08 15:23:43 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/DouDouLee_blog/article/details/51799797

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本文详细介绍了Android中的各种动画类型，包括视图动画如AlphaAnimation、RotateAnimation等，以及属性动画如ObjectAnimator、AnimatorSet等。文章提供了丰富的代码示例，帮助开发者理解和应用这些动画。

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Android3.0之前有两种动画，一种方式是补间动画 Tween Animation、另一种叫逐帧动画 Frame Animation（也称Drawable Animation ）Android3.0以后增加了属性动画 Property Animation。Tween Animation、Frame Animation只能用于View，被归类为View Animation。

一、1、View Animation

视图动画提供：AlphaAnimation、RotateAniamtion、TranslateAniamtion、ScaleAnimation四种动画方式。

<1>AlphaAnimation透明度动画

public class

AlphaAnimation

extends Animation

java.lang.Object
↳	android.view.animation.Animation
	↳	android.view.animation.AlphaAnimation

AlphaAnimation(float fromAlpha, float toAlpha),0为全透明，1为不透明。

<span style="font-size:18px;">AlphaAnimation alphaAnimation = new AlphaAniamtion(0,1);
alphaAnimation.setDuration(1000);
view.startAnimation(alphaAnimation);</span>

res/anim/

<span style="font-size:18px;"><alpha
android:fromAlpha="0.0"
android:toAlpha="1.0"/></span>

<2>RotateAnimation旋转动画

public class

RotateAnimation

extends Animation

java.lang.Object
↳	android.view.animation.Animation
	↳	android.view.animation.RotateAnimation

常用的构造函数：

RotateAnimation(float fromDegrees, float toDegrees)

Constructor to use when building a RotateAnimation from code.

	RotateAnimation(float fromDegrees, float toDegrees, float pivotX, float pivotY) Constructor to use when building a RotateAnimation from code
	RotateAnimation(float fromDegrees, float toDegrees, int pivotXType, float pivotXValue, int pivotYType, float pivotYValue) Constructor to use when building a RotateAnimation from code

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.b);
		rotateAnimation2 = new RotateAnimation(0f,1080f,RotateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0.5f,RotateAnimati	on.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0.5f);
		btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				rotateAnimation2.setInterpolator(new OvershootInterpolator());
				rotateAnimation2.setDuration(3000);
				btn.setAnimation(rotateAnimation2);
				btn.startAnimation(rotateAnimation2);
			}			
				
		});

res/anim

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rotate xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:fromDegrees="0"
    android:pivotX="50%"
    android:pivotY="50%"
    android:toDegrees="1080.0">
    <shape
        android:innerRadiusRatio="3"
        android:shape="ring"
        android:thicknessRatio="8"
        android:useLevel="false">
        <gradient
            android:endColor="#2F90BD"
            android:startColor="#FFFFFF"
            android:type="sweep" />
    </shape>
</rotate>
<!-- 放在anim文件夹下，AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, R.anim.shape_ring);
image.startAnimation(animation);

<3>TranslateAniamtion位移动画

public class

TranslateAnimation

extends Animation

java.lang.Object
↳	android.view.animation.Animation
	↳	android.view.animation.TranslateAnimation

常用构造函数：

TranslateAnimation(float fromXDelta, float toXDelta, float fromYDelta, float toYDelta)

Constructor to use when building a TranslateAnimation from code

TranslateAnimation(int fromXType, float fromXValue, int toXType, float toXValue, int fromYType, float fromYValue, int toYType, float toYValue)

Constructor to use when building a TranslateAnimation from code

<span style="font-size:18px;">TranslateAnimation translateAnimation = new TranslateAnimation(0,200,0,300);
translationAnimation.setDuration(1000);
view.startAniamtion(translateAniamtion);</span>

res/anim

<span style="font-size:18px;"> <translate  
        android:fromXDelta="float"  
        android:toXDelta="float"  
        android:fromYDelta="float"  
        android:toYDelta="float" /> </span>

<4>ScaleAniamtion缩放动画

public class

ScaleAnimation

extends Animation

java.lang.Object
↳	android.view.animation.Animation
	↳	android.view.animation.ScaleAnimation

常用构造函数：

ScaleAnimation(float fromX, float toX, float fromY, float toY)

Constructor to use when building a ScaleAnimation from code

	ScaleAnimation(float fromX, float toX, float fromY, float toY, float pivotX, float pivotY) Constructor to use when building a ScaleAnimation from code
	ScaleAnimation(float fromX, float toX, float fromY, float toY, int pivotXType, float pivotXValue, int pivotYType, float pivotYValue) Constructor to use when building a ScaleAnimation from code

ScaleAniamtion scaleAniamtion = new ScaleAniamtion(0,1,0,1,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0.5F,Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,0.5F);
scaleAniamtion.setDuration(1000);
view.startAniamtion(scaleAnimation);

res/anim

<scale  
        android:fromXScale="float"  
        android:toXScale="float"  
        android:fromYScale="float"  
        android:toYScale="float"  
        android:pivotX="float"  
        android:pivotY="float" />

动画集合AnimationSet

public class

AnimationSet

extends Animation

java.lang.Object
↳	android.view.animation.Animation
	↳	android.view.animation.AnimationSet

构造函数：
AnimationSet(boolean shareInterpolator)

Constructor to use when building an AnimationSet from code

AnimationSet set = new AnimationSet(true);
		button2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.b5);
		button2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v){
				set.addAnimation(alphaAnimation);
				set.addAnimation(rotateAnimation);
				set.setDuration(3000);
				button2.startAnimation(set);
			}
		});//动画集

res/anima

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:interpolator="@[package:]anim/interpolator_resource"  
    android:shareInterpolator=["true" | "false"] >  
    <alpha  
        android:fromAlpha="float"  
        android:toAlpha="float" />  
    <scale  
        android:fromXScale="float"  
        android:toXScale="float"  
        android:fromYScale="float"  
        android:toYScale="float"  
        android:pivotX="float"  
        android:pivotY="float" />  
    <translate  
        android:fromXDelta="float"  
        android:toXDelta="float"  
        android:fromYDelta="float"  
        android:toYDelta="float" />  
    <rotate  
        android:fromDegrees="float"  
        android:toDegrees="float"  
        android:pivotX="float"  
        android:pivotY="float" />  
    <set>  
        ...  
    </set>  
</set>

在java代码中使用：

ImageView spaceshipImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.spaceshipImage);  
Animation hyperspaceJumpAnimation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(this, R.anim.hyperspace_jump);  
spaceshipImage.startAnimation(hyperspaceJumpAnimation);

2、Drawable Animation逐帧动画

可以使用多幅图片实现动画效果。

首先定义一个以 <animation-list>为根节点的xml文件，命名为 anim.xml 放在 res/drawable/目录下。

<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:oneshot="true">  
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/image1" android:duration="200" />  
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/image2" android:duration="200" />  
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/image3" android:duration="200" />  
</animation-list>

对控件中使用此动画：

ImageView image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.rocket_image);  
image.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.rocket_thrust);  
AnimationDrawable animation = (AnimationDrawable) image.getBackground(); 
animation.start();

3、视图动画的监听

animation.setAnimationListener(new AnimationListener(){

			@Override
			public void onAnimationStart(Animation animation) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				
			}

			@Override
			public void onAnimationEnd(Animation animation) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				mHandler.post(new Runnable(){

					@Override
					public void run() {
						// TODO Auto-generated method stub
						Intent intent = new Intent(WelcomActivity.this,MainActivity.class);
						startActivity(intent);
						WelcomActivity.this.finish();
					}
					
				});
			}

视图动画实现原理：每次绘制视图时，View所在的ViewGroup中的drawChild()函数获取该View的Animation的Transformation值，然后调用canvas.concat(transformToApply.getMatrix());通过矩阵完成动画帧。若动画没有完成就调用invalidate()函数，启动下次绘制来驱动动画，从而完成整个动画绘制。

视图动画一个非常大的缺陷：当view发生视图动画后，其相应事件的位置还在动画前的地方，不具备交互性。优点：效率高、使用方便。

二、PropertyAnimation属性动画

PropertyAnimation是通过修改控件的属性实现的动画，基本上可以实现所有动画效果，并且可以交互。

常用的属性动画：ObjectAnimator、AnimatorSet（PropertyValuesHolder也可以实现类似效果）、ValueAnimator、TimeAnimator...

1、ObjectAnimator

public final class

ObjectAnimator

extends ValueAnimator

java.lang.Object
↳	android.animation.Animator
	↳	android.animation.ValueAnimator
		↳	android.animation.ObjectAnimator

ObjectAnimator是属性动画框架中最重要的实行类，创建：通过静态工厂类直接返回一个ObjectAnimator对象.

static <T> ObjectAnimator	ofFloat(T target,Property<T, Float> property, float... values) Constructs and returns an ObjectAnimator that animates between float values.
static ObjectAnimator	ofFloat( Object target, String propertyName, float... values) Constructs and returns an ObjectAnimator that animates between float values.
static <T> ObjectAnimator	ofInt(T target,Property<T, Integer> property, int... values) Constructs and returns an ObjectAnimator that animates between int values.
static ObjectAnimator	ofInt( Object target, String propertyName, int... values) Constructs and returns an ObjectAnimator that animates between int values.
static <T, V> ObjectAnimator	ofObject(T target, Property<T, V> property, TypeEvaluator<V> evaluator, V... values) Constructs and returns an ObjectAnimator that animates between Object values.
static ObjectAnimator	ofObject( Object target, String propertyName, TypeEvaluator evaluator, Object... values) Constructs and returns an ObjectAnimator that animates between Object values.
static ObjectAnimator	ofPropertyValuesHolder( Object target, PropertyValuesHolder... values) Constructs and returns an ObjectAnimator that animates between the sets of values specified in`PropertyValueHolder` objects.

objectAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view, "translationX", 300);

参数包括一个实施动画的对象target（eg.view），target的属性名（eg.translationX），第三个参数是一个可变数组参数，传入该属性值变化的过程，但这个属性必须有get和set函数，否则ObjectAnimator无法有作用，内部会通过java反射机制来调用set函数修改对象的属性值。
例：平移动画

objectAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view, "translationX", 300);
objectAnimator.setRepeatCount(3);//ObjectAnimator.INFINITE
//objectAnimator.setDuration(3000);//设置setRepeatCount后Duration不起作用了
objectAnimator.start();

常用的可以直接使用的属性动画的属性值：

translationX、translationY：作为一种增量控制View对象从它布局容器的左上角坐标偏移的位置。
rotation、rotationX、rotationY：target绕它的支点进行2D、3D旋转。
scaleX、scaleY：target绕它的支点进行2D缩放。
pivotX、pivotY：控制这target的支点位置，围绕这个支点进行旋转和缩放处理。默认是target的中心。
x、y：描述target在容器中的最终位置，是最初的左上角坐标和translationX、translationY值的和。
alpha：target的透明度。默认1（不透明），0（完全透明，不可见）。

如果想要作用动画的对象没有get和set方法，可以通过自定义一个属性类或包装类间接的给这个属性添加get和set方法：为target添加一个height属性：

package sunny.example.helloandroidheroesxmlshape;
//自定义一个包装类，间接给要进行动画的view增加它本身没有的get、set属性
import android.view.View;
public class WrapperView {
	private View mTarget;
	
	public WrapperView(View v){
		this.mTarget = v;
	}

	public int getHeight(){
		return mTarget.getLayoutParams().height;
	}
	public void setHeight(int height){
		mTarget.getLayoutParams().height = height;
		mTarget.requestLayout();
	}
}

使用height属性：

objectAnimator1 = ObjectAnimator.ofInt(viewWrapper, "height", 100);//
objectAnimator1.setDuration(3000).start();

2、ValueAniamtor

public class

ValueAnimator

extends Animator

java.lang.Object
↳	android.animation.Animator
	↳	android.animation.ValueAnimator

创建对象：

static ValueAnimator	ofFloat(float... values) Constructs and returns a ValueAnimator that animates between float values.
static ValueAnimator	ofInt(int... values) Constructs and returns a ValueAnimator that animates between int values.
static ValueAnimator	ofObject(TypeEvaluator evaluator,Object... values) Constructs and returns a ValueAnimator that animates between Object values.
static ValueAnimator	ofPropertyValuesHolder(PropertyValuesHolder... values) Constructs and returns a ValueAnimator that animates between the values specified in the PropertyValuesHolder objects.

ValueAnimator是属性动画的核心所在，其本身不提供任何动画效果，更像一个数值发生器，用来产生具有移动规律的数字从而让调用者来控制动画的实现过程：

ValueAniamtor valueAnimator = ValueAniamtor.ofFloat(0,100);
animator.setTarget(view);
animator.setDuration(3000).start();
aniamtor.addUpdateListener(new AnimatorUpdateListaner(){
@Override
public void onAniamtionUpdate(ValueAnimator animation){
Float value = (Float)animation.getAnimatedValue();}
});

3、AnimatorSet

public final class

AnimatorSet

extends Animator

java.lang.Object
↳	android.animation.Animator
	↳	android.animation.AnimatorSet

对一个target的属性作用多个动画效果，并可以控制各个动画执行顺序：

ObjectAniamtor animator1 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"translationX",300f);
ObjectAnimator animator2 = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(view,"scaleX",1f,0f,1f);
AnimationSet set = new AnimationSet();
set.setDuration(3000);
//set.play(animator1).after(animator2);
//set.playTogether(animator1,animator2);
//set.play(animator1).before(animator2);
//set.play(animator1).before(animator2).before(animator3);//此时时animator1结束后会同时play animator2和3
set.playSequentially(animator1,animator2);//1结束后执行2
set.start();

4、PropertyValuesHolder

public class

PropertyValuesHolder

extends Object
implements Cloneable
类似视图动画AnimationSet，可以对target的多个属性作用动画：

h1 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("translationX", 300f);
h2 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofFloat("scaleY", 1f,0.5f);
h3 = PropertyValuesHolder.ofInt("alpha", 0,1);
ObjectAnimator.ofPropertyValuesHolder(view1,h1,h2,h3).start();

5、动画事件的监听

objectAnimator1.addListener(new AnimatorListener(){

					@Override
					public void onAnimationStart(Animator animation) {
						// TODO Auto-generated method stub
						
					}

					@Override
					public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
						// TODO Auto-generated method stub
						
					}

					@Override
					public void onAnimationCancel(Animator animation) {
						// TODO Auto-generated method stub
						
					}

					@Override
					public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animation) {
						// TODO Auto-generated method stub
						
					}
					
				});

6、在XML中使用属性动画：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<objectAnimator xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:duration="1000"
    android:propertyName="scaleX"
    android:valueFrom="1.0"
    android:valueTo="2.0"
    android:valueType="floatType" >
    

</objectAnimator>

在程序中使用XML中定义的动画：

public void scaleX(View v){
Animator ani = AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(this,R.animator.scaleX);
ani.setTarget(mButton);
ani.start();}

github:https://github.com/HiSunny/HelloAnimation.git

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