scrapy爬取 素材网

spiders.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
# 引入数据模型类
from ..items import ImgItem

class SucaiSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'sucai'
    allowed_domains = ['sc.chinaz.com']
    start_urls = ['http://sc.chinaz.com//']

    def parse(self, response):
        # 200 OK 请求成功
        # 302 重定向
        # 404 url地址不存在
        # 403 没有权限访问，服务器拒绝连接
        # 5XX 服务器的错误
        # 找到图标的链接
        tb_href = response.xpath('//div[@class="nav"]/ul/li[@class="nos"]/a[3]/@href').extract_first('')
        # 拼接完整的url
        tb_url = 'http://sc.chinaz.com'+tb_href
        # 发送一个请求
        # 1.url请求的地址 2.callback 回调函数 默认调用parse()
        yield scrapy.Request(
            url=tb_url,
            callback=self.parse_list
        )

    # 解析所有图标列表
    def parse_list(self,response):
        # 根据xpath找到所有图标详情页的地址
        detail_links = response.xpath('//ul[@class="pngblock imgload"]/li/p/a/@href').extract()

        # for循环遍历列表，取出每一个图片的详细地址，发起请求
        for link in detail_links:
            yield scrapy.Request(
                url=link,
                # 请求成功了，调用parse_detail解析详情
                callback=self.parse_detail,
                # 用于请求数据时，携带一些额外的参数
                meta={'hello':'world'}
            )
        # 找到下一页的链接
        next_href = response.xpath('//a[@class="nextpage"]/@href').extract_first('')
        # 判断是否有下一页
        if next_href:
            # 拼接下一页的地址
            next_url = 'http://sc.chinaz.com/tubiao/'+next_href
            yield scrapy.Request(
                url=next_url,
                callback=self.parse_list
            )

    # 解析详情页中的每一张图片地址
    def parse_detail(self,response):

        # 解析图片分类名称
        categray = response.xpath('//h2/a/text()').extract_first('')

        # 解析图片地址
        imgs_src = response.xpath('//div[@class="png_pic"]/img/@src').extract()

        # for循环遍历所有图片的详细地址
        for src in imgs_src:
            # 创建数据模型对象
            img = ImgItem()
            # src图片下载地址必须放在列表中
            img['src'] = [src]
            # 图片分类
            img['categray'] = categray
            yield img

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class SucaiSpiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    pass


# 新建图片的数据模型
class ImgItem(scrapy.Item):
    # 图标的下载地址
    src = scrapy.Field()
    # 图标的分类
    categray = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
# 引入scrapy自带的图片下载类
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
# 引入scrapy
import scrapy

class SucaiSpiderPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item


# 1.下载图片  2.指定图片存放目录
# 继承于scrapy自带的图片下载类
class MyImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):

    # 获取图片下载请求的函数
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):

        # 1.取出图片下载的url地址
        url = item['src'][0]
        # 2.根据url地址创建请求对象
        request = scrapy.Request(
            url=url,
            # 利用meta将item传递到file_path函数中
            meta={"item":item}
        )
        # 最终返回一个下载图片的请求对象的列表
        return [request]

    # 重写file_path指定图片存放路径
    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        # 根据key取出meta中的item，这个item中包含的就是下载图片的数据
        item = request.meta['item']
        # 取出分类
        categray = item['categray']
        # 取出图片下载地址
        src = item['src'][0]
        # 分割获取图片名称
        name = src.split('/')[-1]

        # 最终只需要将图片的存放路径和图片的名称返回即可
        return '%s/%s'%(categray, name)

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for SuCai_Spider project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'SuCai_Spider'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['SuCai_Spider.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'SuCai_Spider.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'SuCai_Spider (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'SuCai_Spider.middlewares.SucaiSpiderSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'SuCai_Spider.middlewares.SucaiSpiderDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'SuCai_Spider.pipelines.MyImagePipeline': 300,
   #  'scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline': 200
}
# 指定图片的下载地址是item的哪个属性
IMAGES_URLS_FIELD = 'src'
# 指定图片存放的路径
IMAGES_STORE = 'imgs'

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

debug.py

# coding: utf-8

# 引入cmdline中的execute函数
from scrapy.cmdline import execute
# 执行启动爬虫的命令
execute(['scrapy', 'crawl', 'sucai'])

middleware.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

from scrapy import signals


class SucaiSpiderSpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)


class SucaiSpiderDownloaderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
        return None

    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.

        # Must either;
        # - return a Response object
        # - return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
        return response

    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this exception
        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
        pass

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

scrapy startproject name
scrapy genspider name url