炫耀一下

韦东山的第一期视频基本上已经看完，基本上已经可以在开发板上写一个小的驱动，比如说想知道按下按键的按键号，可以用查询、中断、异步通知等方法。其中，查询是最耗CPU资源的一种方法，可以用中断来改进。不过中断时，应用函数进入休眠，等待中断的唤醒，此过程不能处理其他事。所以说，异步通知是最好的一种方法，它可以由驱动发起，告知应用程序，不影响应用程序做其他事。以下面的例程来说明：

功能：查询按键号

驱动程序：

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#include <mach/hardware.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
/*
按键k1 EINT1.  GPF1
按键k2 EINT4.  GPF4
按键k3 EINT2.  GPF2
按键k4 EINT0.  GPF0
GPFCON=0x56000050
GPFDAT=0x56000054
GPFUP=0x56000058
 */

static struct class *drv_class;
static struct class_device	*drv_class_dev;

static struct fasync_struct *button_async;


volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

static unsigned char key_val;





struct pin_desc{
	unsigned int pin;
	unsigned int kval;
};



struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
	{S3C2410_GPF1, 0x01},
	{S3C2410_GPF4, 0x02},
	{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x03},
	{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x04},
};


/*
  * 确定按键值
  */
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
	unsigned int pinval;
	
	pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

	if (pinval)
	{
		/* 松开 */
		key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->kval;
	}
	else
	{
		/* 按下 */
		key_val = pindesc->kval;
	}

	kill_fasync(&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
	
	return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int fifth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	/* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
	/* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT1,  buttons_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "S1", &pins_desc[0]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT4,  buttons_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "S2", &pins_desc[1]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "S3", &pins_desc[2]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH, "S4", &pins_desc[3]);	

	return 0;
}

ssize_t fifth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
	
		
	copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);

	
	return 1;
}




static int fifth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
	printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");
	return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}

int fifth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT1, &pins_desc[0]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT4, &pins_desc[1]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[2]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[3]);
	fifth_drv_fasync (-1, file, 0);
	return 0;
}

static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
	.owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
	.open    =  fifth_drv_open,     
	.read     = fifth_drv_read,	   
	.release =  fifth_drv_close,	
	.fasync = fifth_drv_fasync,
};


int major;
static int fifth_drv_init(void)
{
	major = register_chrdev(0, "fifth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

	drv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "fifth_drv");

	drv_class_dev = device_create(drv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

	gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
	gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

	return 0;
}

static void fifth_drv_exit(void)
{
	unregister_chrdev(major, "third_drv");
	device_destroy(drv_class,MKDEV(major,0));
	class_destroy(drv_class);
	
	iounmap(gpfcon);
	
}


module_init(fifth_drv_init);

module_exit(fifth_drv_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

测试程序：

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


int fd;


void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
	unsigned char val;
	read(fd,&val,1);
	printf("keyval:0x%x\n",val);
}
 int main(){
 	int oflags;
	signal(SIGIO,my_signal_fun);

	fd =open("/dev/buttons",O_RDWR);
	if (fd<0){
		printf("can't open! \n");
		}
	fcntl(fd,F_SETOWN,getpid());
	oflags =fcntl(fd,F_GETFL);
	fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,oflags|FASYNC);


	while(1){
		sleep(1000);
		}

		return 0;
 	
 	}

在测试程序中，while（1）内可以做任何事，当有按键按下时，在中断处理函数中，读出按键val，并发送SIGIO信号至应用程序，在信号绑定的函数中，读出并显示val值。此过程几乎不消耗CPU资源。

如下图所示