AsyncQueryHandler、CursorAdapter和ContentProvider的使用

一、AsyncQueryHandler的使用

该类是谷歌封装的异步查询的Handler，这个类是抽象类但是其并没有抽象方法。具体使用方法如下所示：

package com.study.yang.contentproviderclientdemo.handler

import android.content.AsyncQueryHandler
import android.content.ContentResolver
import android.database.Cursor
import com.study.yang.contentproviderserverdemo.adapter.MyCursorAdapter

class MyAsyncQueryHandler(cr: ContentResolver) : AsyncQueryHandler(cr) {

    /**
     * 当查询完成之后，自动调用该方法
     */
    override fun onQueryComplete(token: Int, cookie: Any?, cursor: Cursor?) {
        super.onQueryComplete(token, cookie, cursor)
        //判断当前的cookie类型是否是MyCursorAdapter
        if (cookie is MyCursorAdapter) {
            var cursorAdapter = cookie
            cursorAdapter.changeCursor(cursor)
            println(cursor)
        }
    }
}

二、CursorAdapter的使用

该类将Cursor跟适配器相结合，当Cursor中的数据改动后进行自动刷新。具体使用方法如下所示：

package com.study.yang.contentproviderserverdemo.adapter

import android.content.Context
import android.database.Cursor
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.CursorAdapter
import android.widget.TextView
import com.study.yang.contentproviderclientdemo.R

class MyCursorAdapter(context: Context?, cursor: Cursor?) : CursorAdapter(context, cursor, true) {


    /**
     * 当内容发生改变的时候调用该方法
     */
    override fun onContentChanged() {
        super.onContentChanged()
        println("数据更新了")
    }

    /**
     * 创建View的实例时调用
     */
    override fun newView(context: Context?, cursor: Cursor?, parent: ViewGroup?): View {
        val view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_layout, null)
        var viewHolder = ViewHolder()
        viewHolder.tv_name = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name)
        viewHolder.tv_age = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_age)
        viewHolder.tv_description = view.findViewById(R.id.tv_description)
        view.tag = viewHolder
        return view
    }

    override fun bindView(view: View?, context: Context?, cursor: Cursor?) {
        val viewHolder = view?.tag as ViewHolder
        val name = cursor?.getString(cursor?.getColumnIndex("name"))
        val age = cursor?.getString(cursor?.getColumnIndex("age"))
        val description = cursor?.getString(cursor?.getColumnIndex("description"))

        viewHolder.tv_name.text = name
        viewHolder.tv_age.text = age
        viewHolder.tv_description.text = description

    }

    class ViewHolder {
        lateinit var tv_name: TextView
        lateinit var tv_age: TextView
        lateinit var tv_description: TextView

    }
}

三、ContentProvider的使用

Android的四大组件之一，在此处就不用详细介绍了。具体使用方法如下所示：

package com.study.yang.contentproviderserverdemo.provider

import android.content.ContentProvider
import android.content.ContentUris
import android.content.ContentValues
import android.content.UriMatcher
import android.database.Cursor
import android.net.Uri
import com.study.yang.contentproviderserverdemo.database.DBHelper

class UserContentProvider : ContentProvider() {
    var matcher = UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH)
    lateinit var dbHelper: DBHelper
    var table_name = "user"

    //代码块将在构造方法之前执行
    init {
        //添加匹配码,添加
        matcher.addURI("com.study.user.provider", "/user/insert", 1)
        //添加匹配码，删除
        matcher.addURI("com.study.user.provider", "/user/delete", 2)
        //添加匹配码，更新
        matcher.addURI("com.study.user.provider", "/user/update", 3)
        //添加匹配码，查询
        matcher.addURI("com.study.user.provider", "/user/query", 4)
    }

    /**
     * 初始化的时候使用
     */
    override fun onCreate(): Boolean {
        dbHelper = DBHelper(context)
        return true
    }

    //用when代替switch
    override fun getType(uri: Uri): String? =
            when {
                matcher.match(uri) == 1 -> "添加"
                matcher.match(uri) == 2 -> "删除"
                matcher.match(uri) == 3 -> "更新"
                matcher.match(uri) == 4 -> "查询"
                else -> ""
            }

    /**
     * 可以根据传入uri的参数来针对处理相应的数据
     */
    override fun insert(uri: Uri, values: ContentValues): Uri? {
        val db = dbHelper.writableDatabase
        val insert = db.insert(table_name, null, values)
        var insertAfterUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, insert)
      //  db.close()  //不能够关闭，否则达不到自动更新的效果
        //向外界通知数据发生了变化
        context.contentResolver.notifyChange(uri, null)
        return insertAfterUri
    }

    override fun delete(uri: Uri, selection: String?, selectionArgs: Array<String>?): Int {
        val db = dbHelper.writableDatabase
        val deleteCount = db.delete(table_name, selection, selectionArgs)
       // db.close()
        //向外界通知数据发生了变化
        context.contentResolver.notifyChange(uri, null)
        return deleteCount
    }

    override fun update(uri: Uri, values: ContentValues?, selection: String?,
                        selectionArgs: Array<String>?): Int {
        val db = dbHelper.writableDatabase
        val updateCount = db.update(table_name, values, selection, selectionArgs)
       // db.close()  //不能够关闭，否则达不到自动更新的效果
        //向外界通知数据发生了变化
        context.contentResolver.notifyChange(uri, null)
        return updateCount
    }

    override fun query(uri: Uri, projection: Array<String>?, selection: String?,
                       selectionArgs: Array<String>?, sortOrder: String?): Cursor? {
        val db = dbHelper.writableDatabase
        val cursor = db.query(table_name, projection, selection, selectionArgs, "", "", sortOrder)
        cursor.setNotificationUri(context.contentResolver, uri)
//        db.close()  //不能够关闭，否则达不到自动更新的效果
        return cursor
    }
}

四、运行截图

4.1 ContentProviderServerDemo运行截图

4.2 ContentProviderClientDemo运行截图

五、项目源码

ContentProviderServerDemo和ContentProviderClientDemo源码

注意：因为是进程间的通信，所以ContentProviderClientDemo想要获得ContentProviderServerDemo的数据的话ContentProviderServerDemo的进程必须是启动的