C++ 设计模式——建造者模式

建造者模式是⼀种创建型设计模式，使用多个简单的对象⼀步⼀步构建成⼀个复杂的对象，能够将⼀个复杂的对象的构建与它的表示分离，提供⼀种创建对象的最佳方式。主要⽤于解决对象的构建过于复杂的问题。

建造者模式主要基于四个核心类实现：

• 抽象产品类：

• 具体产品类：⼀个具体的产品对象类。

• 抽象Builder类：创建⼀个产品对象所需的各个部件的抽象接。

• 具体产品的Builder类：实现抽象接⼝，构建各个部件。

• 指挥者Director类：统⼀组建过程，提供给调⽤者使⽤，通过指挥者来构造产品。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <memory>

class computer
{
public:
    computer(){};

    void setBoard(const std::string& board)
    {
        _board = board;
    }

    void setDisplay(const std::string& display)
    {
        _display = display;
    }

    virtual void setOs() = 0;

    void showParamaters()
    {
        std::string param = "Computer Param:\n";
        param += "\tBoard: " + _board + "\n";
        param += "\tDisplay: " + _display + "\n";
        param += "\tOs: " + _os + "\n";

        std::cout << param << std::endl;

    }

    ~computer(){};

protected:
    std::string _board;
    std::string _display;
    std::string _os;
};

class MacBook : public computer
{
public:
    void setOs() override
    {
        _os = "Mac OS x12";
    }
};

class Builder
{
public:
    virtual void BuilderBoard(const std::string& board) = 0;
    virtual void BuilderDisplay(const std::string& display) = 0;
    virtual void BuilderOs() = 0;
    virtual std::shared_ptr<computer> Build() = 0;
};


class MacBookBuilder : public Builder
{
public:
    MacBookBuilder()
    :_computer(new MacBook()){}

    void BuilderBoard(const std::string& board)
    {
        _computer->setBoard(board);
    }

    void BuilderDisplay(const std::string& display)
    {
        _computer->setDisplay(display);
    }

    void BuilderOs()
    {
        _computer->setOs();
    }

    std::shared_ptr<computer> Build()
    {
        return _computer;
    }

private:
    std::shared_ptr<computer> _computer;
};

class Director 
{
public:
    Director(Builder* builder)
    :_builder(builder){};

    void construct(const std::string& board, const std::string& display)
    {
        _builder->BuilderBoard(board);
        _builder->BuilderDisplay(display);
        _builder->BuilderOs();
    }


private:
    std::shared_ptr<Builder> _builder;
};

int main()
{
    Builder* builder = new MacBookBuilder();
    std::unique_ptr<Director> director(new Director(builder));
    director->construct("华硕主板", "卓伟显示器");
    std::shared_ptr<computer> computer = builder->Build();
    computer->showParamaters();
    return 0;
}