浅析Drawer Layout的使用

        

      Navigation Drawer，我暂且把它翻译成“侧拉导航栏”。本文根据Android官方Training文档翻译而成，只是分享怎么使用Drawer Layout，可以翻墙的可直接转到官网去瞧瞧：点击打开链接，先上效果图：

      一看到图是不是有一种熟悉的感觉，没错这就是侧拉导航栏，这种需求在很多App都有它的身影。用Android Studio新建Project的时候，选择Navigation Drawer Activity，就可以直接新建一个自带侧拉导航栏Activity的Project，本文的效果图也是如此得来的，看到这是不是觉得可以走人了？.......先别走....至少给个赞吧！

      好了不扯了，老板，上菜！侧拉导航栏的作用相信不用我多说了，那么下面就直接上代码，看看是怎么实现的，同样的，本文的所有代码也都来自Android官网的Training文档，先来看布局的实现。

<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <!-- The main content view -->
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/content_frame"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    <!-- The navigation drawer -->
    <ListView android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
        android:layout_width="240dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
        android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
        android:dividerHeight="0dp"
        android:background="#111"/>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

是的，这样就实现了从左侧拉出一个ListView的效果，代码虽然不多，但还是有些地方需要注意的：

1>主View必须是drawerLayout.xml里的第一个child view，对应上面代码指的是<FrameLayout/>。这也不难理解，用户不侧拉才是常态，当用户没有发生侧拉时，主界面需要像正常的Activity那样显示。

2>主View的width和height必须设置成match_parent，这是因为当drawerView隐藏的时候，主View代表了整个UI界面，就像MainActivity那样。

3>drawerView (对应上面代码是ListView) 必须通过android:layout_gravity来设置horizontal gravity，这样drawerView才可以识别侧拉的动作，如上面代码中android:layout_gravity="start" 。

4>drawerView设置width时的单位是dp(因为平时我们用px也可以)，而且它的height必须跟它的parent view对齐，width要超过320dp，不然的话看起来就像主view一样了。

布局文件已经搞定了，接下来看看MainActivity里这样去实现，首先是初始化drawer view中的listView，代码如下：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private String[] mPlanetTitles;
    private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
    private ListView mDrawerList;
    ...

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mPlanetTitles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array);
        mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.left_drawer);

        // Set the adapter for the list view
        mDrawerList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                R.layout.drawer_list_item, mPlanetTitles));
        // Set the list's click listener
        mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new DrawerItemClickListener());

        ...
    }
}

其实跟我们平时使用listView是一样一样的，眼细的同学可能会发现最后一行代码里的DrawerItemClickListener()里面是怎么样的呢？下面就贴出 DrawerItemClickListener的代码：

private class DrawerItemClickListener implements ListView.OnItemClickListener {
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        selectItem(position);
    }
}

/** Swaps fragments in the main content view */
private void selectItem(int position) {
    // Create a new fragment and specify the planet to show based on position
    Fragment fragment = new PlanetFragment();
    Bundle args = new Bundle();
    args.putInt(PlanetFragment.ARG_PLANET_NUMBER, position);
    fragment.setArguments(args);

    // Insert the fragment by replacing any existing fragment
    FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
    fragmentManager.beginTransaction()
                   .replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment)
                   .commit();

    // Highlight the selected item, update the title, and close the drawer//当Item被点击时，Item的背景色会发生改变，随后把drawerview关掉
    mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true);
    setTitle(mPlanetTitles[position]);
    mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mDrawerList);
}

@Override
public void setTitle(CharSequence title) {
    mTitle = title;
    getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);
}

上面代码实现的功能，当把侧拉导航栏拉出来之后，点击listView上的Item，Item是背景色发生改变（说明是对应Item被点击了），然后主View换成对应需要展示的Fragment，并把侧拉导航栏关闭（也就是缩回去）。这里的点击事件当然可以按照个人意愿去写，这段代码只是向大家说明如何设置drawerview中的点击事件。

设置侧拉导航栏打开和关闭的事件监听，这里先跟大家说一说ActionBarDrawerToggle这个类，Android官方Reference文档中说这个类是要来处理ActionBar和DrawerLayout之间的切换关系的，因为除了通过手势侧拉出导航栏，还可以点击ActionBar上的某个Icon来触发drawer view，直接上代码看看呗

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
    private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
    private CharSequence mDrawerTitle;
    private CharSequence mTitle;
    ...

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ...

        mTitle = mDrawerTitle = getTitle();
        mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout,
                R.drawable.ic_drawer, R.string.drawer_open, R.string.drawer_close) {

            /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely closed state. */
            public void onDrawerClosed(View view) {
                super.onDrawerClosed(view);
                getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);
                invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu()
            }

            /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely open state. */
            public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
                super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView);
                getActionBar().setTitle(mDrawerTitle);
                invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to onPrepareOptionsMenu()
            }
        };

        // Set the drawer toggle as the DrawerListener
        mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
    }

    /* Called whenever we call invalidateOptionsMenu() */
    @Override
    public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // If the nav drawer is open, hide action items related to the content view
        boolean drawerOpen = mDrawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(mDrawerList);
        menu.findItem(R.id.action_websearch).setVisible(!drawerOpen);
        return super.onPrepareOptionsMenu(menu);
    }
}

ActionBarDrawerToggle()里面是要传参的，参数说明如下：

public ActionBarDrawerToggle (Activity activity, DrawerLayout drawerLayout, int drawerImageRes, int openDrawerContentDescRes, int closeDrawerContentDescRes)

Activity不用说了吧，DrawerLayout就是我们的drawer view即xml里面那个，drawerImageRes就是触发drawer view的那个Icon，至于openDrawerContentDescRes和close DrawerContentDescRes则分别对应两个String类型的“open drawer” ，“close drawer”。

前面也说到，可以用Android Studio直接新建自带drawer view的Activity，说这个有什么卵用？那就看看Android Studio的厉害

 DrawerLayout drawer = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        ActionBarDrawerToggle toggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
                this, drawer, toolbar, R.string.navigation_drawer_open, R.string.navigation_drawer_close);
        drawer.setDrawerListener(toggle);
        toggle.syncState();

是的，这几行就代替了上面的好多行...........

刚才也说到，其实大部分的侧拉导航栏都是点击ActionBar上的Icon触发的，那就看看这样写的代码咯：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
    private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
    ...

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ...

        mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
                this,                  /* host Activity */
                mDrawerLayout,         /* DrawerLayout object */
                R.drawable.ic_drawer,  /* nav drawer icon to replace 'Up' caret */
                R.string.drawer_open,  /* "open drawer" description */
                R.string.drawer_close  /* "close drawer" description */
                ) {

            /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely closed state. */
            public void onDrawerClosed(View view) {
                super.onDrawerClosed(view);
                getActionBar().setTitle(mTitle);
            }

            /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely open state. */
            public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
                super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView);
                getActionBar().setTitle(mDrawerTitle);
            }
        };

        // Set the drawer toggle as the DrawerListener
        mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);

        getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
        getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred.
        mDrawerToggle.syncState();
    }

    @Override
    public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
        super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
        mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Pass the event to ActionBarDrawerToggle, if it returns
        // true, then it has handled the app icon touch event
        if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item)) {
          return true;
        }
        // Handle your other action bar items...

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    ...
}

到这里，已经把Android官网上Drawer Layout的Training全部搬过来了，第一篇博客就这样渣渣的写完了................................