10.动态SQL

动态SQL指的是根据不同的查询条件 , 生成不同的Sql语句

在写复杂的 SQL 语句时,往往需要拼接,而拼接 SQL 稍微不注意,由于引号,空格等缺失可能都会导致错误。

MyBatis 动态SQL,通过 if, choose, when, otherwise,trim, where, set, foreach等标签,可组合成非常灵活的SQL语句,从而提高SQL 语句的准确性,提高开发人员的效率

新建数据库表

CREATE TABLE `blog` (
`id` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客id',
`title` varchar(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
`author` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '博客作者',
`create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`views` int(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '浏览量'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

导入相关Maven依赖

<build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.48</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.22</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

数据库相关配置

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
username=root
password=root

MyBatis核心配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <properties resource="db.properties"/>
    <settings>
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    </settings>
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.dream.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
       <package name="com.dream.mapper"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

工具类

package com.dream.utils;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class MybatisUtils {
    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    static{
        try {
            String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
            InputStream  inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static SqlSession getSession(){
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
    }
}
package com.dream.utils;

import java.util.UUID;

public class IDutil {

    public static String genId(){
        return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-","");
    }

}

实体类

package com.dream.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.util.Date;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Blog {
    private String id;
    private String title;
    private String author;
    private Date createTime;
    private int views;
}

Mapper接口

package com.dream.mapper;

import com.dream.pojo.Blog;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public interface BlogMapper {
    int addBlog(Blog blog);
    List<Blog> queryBlogIf(Map map);
    int updateBlog(Map map);
    List<Blog> queryBlogChoose(Map map);
    List<Blog> queryBlogForeach(Map map);
}

mapper.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.dream.mapper.BlogMapper">
    <insert id="addBlog" parameterType="blog">
        insert into blog (id, title, author, create_time, views)
        values (#{id},#{title},#{author},#{createTime},#{views});
    </insert>

    <select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
        select * from blog
        <where>
            <if test="title != null">
                title = #{title}
            </if>
            <if test="author != null">
                and author = #{author}
            </if>
        </where>
    </select>

    <update id="updateBlog" parameterType="map">
        update blog
        <set>
            <if test="title != null">
                title = #{title},
            </if>
            <if test="author != null">
                author = #{author}
            </if>
        </set>
        where id = #{id};
    </update>

    <select id="queryBlogChoose" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
        select * from blog
        <where>
            <choose>
                <when test="title != null">
                    title = #{title}
                </when>
                <when test="author != null">
                    and author = #{author}
                </when>
                <otherwise>
                    and views = #{views}
                </otherwise>
            </choose>
        </where>
    </select>

    <select id="queryBlogForeach" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
        select * from blog
        <where>
            <foreach collection="ids"  item="id" open="and (" close=")" separator="or">
                id=#{id}
            </foreach>
        </where>
    </select>
</mapper>

测试类

import com.dream.mapper.BlogMapper;
import com.dream.pojo.Blog;
import com.dream.utils.IDutil;
import com.dream.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void addInitBlog(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
        BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);

        Blog blog = new Blog();
        blog.setId(IDutil.genId());
        blog.setTitle("Java核心技术");
        blog.setAuthor("张三");
        blog.setCreateTime(new Date());
        blog.setViews(9999);

        mapper.addBlog(blog);

        blog.setId(IDutil.genId());
        blog.setTitle("Spring揭秘");
        mapper.addBlog(blog);

        blog.setId(IDutil.genId());
        blog.setTitle("Http权威指南");
        mapper.addBlog(blog);

        blog.setId(IDutil.genId());
        blog.setTitle("深入理解Java虚拟机");
        mapper.addBlog(blog);

        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void testQueryBlogIf(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
        BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);

        HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("title","Spring揭秘");
        map.put("author","张三");
        List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogIf(map);

        System.out.println(blogs);

        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void testUpdateBlog(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
        BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);

        HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("title","Java编程思想");
        map.put("author","李四");
        map.put("id","88906e87f5a24776b58e1f49cdf89f2f");

        mapper.updateBlog(map);


        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void testQueryBlogChoose(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
        BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);

        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("title","Spring揭秘");
        map.put("author","王五");
        map.put("views",9999);
        List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogChoose(map);

        System.out.println(blogs);

        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void testQueryBlogForeach(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
        BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);

        HashMap map = new HashMap();
        List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        ids.add(1);
        ids.add(2);
        ids.add(3);
        map.put("ids",ids);

        List<Blog> blogs = mapper.queryBlogForeach(map);

        System.out.println(blogs);

        session.close();
    }
}

有时候可能某个 sql 语句我们用的特别多,为了增加代码的重用性,简化代码,我们可以将这些代码抽取出来,然后使用时直接调用

<sql id="if-title-author">
   <if test="title != null">
      title = #{title}
   </if>
   <if test="author != null">
      and author = #{author}
   </if>
</sql>
<select id="queryBlogIf" parameterType="map" resultType="blog">
  select * from blog
   <where>
       <include refid="if-title-author"></include>
   </where>
</select>

需要注意的是,最好基于单表来定义 sql 片段, sql 片段中不要包括 where

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