7.Bean的自动装配

Spring中bean有三种装配机制，分别是在xml中显式配置，在java中显式配置，隐式的bean发现机制和自动装配

Spring的自动装配需要通过两个操作来实现，一是组件扫描，spring会自动发现应用上下文中所创建的bean，二是自动装配，spring自动满足bean之间的依赖，也就是我们说的IoC/DI

新建实体类

package com.dream.pojo;

public class Cat {
    public void shout(){
        System.out.println("miao~");
    }
}

package com.dream.pojo;

public class Dog {
    public void shout(){
        System.out.println("wang~");
    }
}

package com.dream.pojo;

public class User {
    private Cat cat;
    private Dog dog;
    private String str;

    public Cat getCat() {
        return cat;
    }

    public void setCat(Cat cat) {
        this.cat = cat;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getStr() {
        return str;
    }

    public void setStr(String str) {
        this.str = str;
    }
}

编写Spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="dog" class="com.dream.pojo.Dog"/>
    <bean id="cat" class="com.dream.pojo.Cat"/>
    <bean id="user" class="com.dream.pojo.User">
        <property name="cat" ref="cat"/>
        <property name="dog" ref="dog"/>
        <property name="str" value="张三"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试

import com.dream.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void testMethodAutowire() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        user.getCat().shout();
        user.getDog().shout();
    }
}

按名称自动装配（byName）

<bean id="dog" class="com.dream.pojo.Dog" />
<bean id="cat" class="com.dream.pojo.Cat"/>
<bean id="user" class="com.dream.pojo.User" autowire="byName">
        <property name="str" value="张三"/>
    </bean>

autowire="byName"会先查找其类中所有的set方法名，获得set后面且首字母变为小写的字符串，然后去Spring容器中查找是否有此字符串名称id的对象，如果有就取出注入

按类型自动装配（byType）

<bean id="doggg" class="com.dream.pojo.Dog" />
<bean id="cccat" class="com.dream.pojo.Cat"/>  
<bean id="user" class="com.dream.pojo.User" autowire="byType">
        <property name="str" value="张三"/>
    </bean>

注意同一类型的对象，在spring容器中必须唯一

使用注解

在Spring配置文件中引入context文件头

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

开启属性注解支持

<context:annotation-config/>

@Autowired

按类型自动转配，不支持id匹配

    @Autowired
    private Cat cat;
    @Autowired
    private Dog dog;
    private String str;

 <bean id="dog" class="com.dream.pojo.Dog"/>
 <bean id="dog2" class="com.dream.pojo.Dog"/>
    <bean id="cat" class="com.dream.pojo.Cat"/>
    <bean id="user" class="com.dream.pojo.User">
        <property name="str" value="张三"/>
    </bean>

@Autowired(required=false) 对象可以为null

@Autowired(required = false)
private Cat cat;

@Autowired加上@Qualifier可以先根据byName的方式自动装配，@Qualifier不能单独使用

<bean id="dog1" class="com.dream.pojo.Dog" />
    <bean id="dog2" class="com.dream.pojo.Dog" />
    <bean id="cat1" class="com.dream.pojo.Cat"/>
    <bean id="cat2" class="com.dream.pojo.Cat"/>
    <bean id="user" class="com.dream.pojo.User" >
        <property name="str" value="张三"/>
    </bean>

@Autowired
    @Qualifier(value = "cat2")
    private Cat cat;
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(value = "dog1")
    private Dog dog;
    private String str;

@Resource

如有指定的name属性，先按该属性进行byName方式查找装配，其次再进行默认的byName方式进行装配，如果以上都不成功，则按byType的方式自动装配

<bean id="dog" class="com.dream.pojo.Dog" />
    <bean id="dog2" class="com.dream.pojo.Dog" />
    <bean id="cat2" class="com.dream.pojo.Cat"/>
    <bean id="user" class="com.dream.pojo.User" >
        <property name="str" value="张三"/>
    </bean>

@Resource(name = "cat2")
    private Cat cat;
    @Resource
    private Dog dog;
    private String str;