01--AFCTF-re4

相关知识

字节码(Bytecode)

一定的二进制指令的解释规则也即指令系统，这种指令就是字节码。

语言	字节码格式
Python	pyc
Java	class
Apk	smali

操作码(Opcode)

opcode是将python源代码进行编译之后的结果。在执行python程序时一般会先生成一个pyc文件，pyc文件就是编译后的结果，其中含有opcode序列。opcode和字节码的关系可以类比成汇编语言和机器语言的关系，不过前者是在虚拟机下，后者是在真机下。

python字节码与操作码的对应关系

import opcode
for op in range(len(opcode.opname)):
    print('ox%.2X(%.3d): %s' % (op, op, opcode.opname[op]))

运行结果为：

ox00(000): <0>
ox01(001): POP_TOP
ox02(002): ROT_TWO
ox03(003): ROT_THREE
ox04(004): DUP_TOP
ox05(005): DUP_TOP_TWO
ox06(006): <6>
ox07(007): <7>
ox08(008): <8>
ox09(009): NOP
ox0A(010): UNARY_POSITIVE
ox0B(011): UNARY_NEGATIVE
ox0C(012): UNARY_NOT
ox0D(013): <13>
ox0E(014): <14>
ox0F(015): UNARY_INVERT
ox10(016): BINARY_MATRIX_MULTIPLY
ox11(017): INPLACE_MATRIX_MULTIPLY
ox12(018): <18>
ox13(019): BINARY_POWER
ox14(020): BINARY_MULTIPLY
ox15(021): <21>
ox16(022): BINARY_MODULO
ox17(023): BINARY_ADD
ox18(024): BINARY_SUBTRACT
ox19(025): BINARY_SUBSCR
ox1A(026): BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE
ox1B(027): BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE
ox1C(028): INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE
ox1D(029): INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE
ox1E(030): <30>
ox1F(031): <31>
ox20(032): <32>
ox21(033): <33>
ox22(034): <34>
ox23(035): <35>
ox24(036): <36>
ox25(037): <37>
ox26(038): <38>
ox27(039): <39>
ox28(040): <40>
ox29(041): <41>
ox2A(042): <42>
ox2B(043): <43>
ox2C(044): <44>
ox2D(045): <45>
ox2E(046): <46>
ox2F(047): <47>
ox30(048): <48>
ox31(049): <49>
ox32(050): GET_AITER
ox33(051): GET_ANEXT
ox34(052): BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH
ox35(053): <53>
ox36(054): <54>
ox37(055): INPLACE_ADD
ox38(056): INPLACE_SUBTRACT
ox39(057): INPLACE_MULTIPLY
ox3A(058): <58>
ox3B(059): INPLACE_MODULO
ox3C(060): STORE_SUBSCR
ox3D(061): DELETE_SUBSCR
ox3E(062): BINARY_LSHIFT
ox3F(063): BINARY_RSHIFT
ox40(064): BINARY_AND
ox41(065): BINARY_XOR
ox42(066): BINARY_OR
ox43(067): INPLACE_POWER
ox44(068): GET_ITER
ox45(069): GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER
ox46(070): PRINT_EXPR
ox47(071): LOAD_BUILD_CLASS
ox48(072): YIELD_FROM
ox49(073): GET_AWAITABLE
ox4A(074): <74>
ox4B(075): INPLACE_LSHIFT
ox4C(076): INPLACE_RSHIFT
ox4D(077): INPLACE_AND
ox4E(078): INPLACE_XOR
ox4F(079): INPLACE_OR
ox50(080): BREAK_LOOP
ox51(081): WITH_CLEANUP_START
ox52(082): WITH_CLEANUP_FINISH
ox53(083): RETURN_VALUE
ox54(084): IMPORT_STAR
ox55(085): SETUP_ANNO