Java中的延时队列DelayQueue是基于优先队列PriorityQueue实现的。
注:PriorityQueue是基于堆(Heap)实现的。堆(Heap)在本质上是一个数组。
Priority queue represented as a balanced binary heap: the two children of queue[n] are queue[2*n+1] and queue[2*(n+1)]. The priority queue is ordered by comparator, or by the elements' natural ordering, if comparator is null: For each node n in the heap and each descendant d of n, n <= d. The element with the lowest value is in queue[0], assuming the queue is nonempty.
以下为DelayQueue的使用演示。
1. 定义延时队列的元素
import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class DelayedItem<T> implements Delayed {
/**
* 到期时间,单位ms
*/
private long activeTime;
private T data;
public DelayedItem(long activeTime, T data) {
super();
this.activeTime = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.convert(activeTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) + System.nanoTime();
this.data = data;
}
public long getActiveTime() {
return activeTime;
}
public T getData() {
return data;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
long diff = getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) - getDelay(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
return diff == 0 ? 0 : (diff > 0 ? 1 : -1);
}
@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
long diff = unit.convert(activeTime - System.nanoTime(), TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
return diff;
}
}
2. 定义消费者
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
public class Consumer implements Runnable {
private DelayQueue<DelayedItem<String>> queue;
public Consumer(DelayQueue<DelayedItem<String>> queue) {
super();
this.queue = queue;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
DelayedItem<String> item = queue.take();
String data = item.getData();
String time = TimeUtils.getCurTime();
System.out.printf("[%s] Consuming data:%s\r\n", time, data);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
3. 实现生产者主线程
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class DelayQueueDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DelayQueue<DelayedItem<String>> queue = new DelayQueue<DelayedItem<String>>();
queue.offer(new DelayedItem<String>(10_000, "A"));
System.out.printf("[%s] produce message A\r\n", TimeUtils.getCurTime());
queue.offer(new DelayedItem<String>(20_000, "B"));
System.out.printf("[%s] produce message B\r\n", TimeUtils.getCurTime());
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
executorService.execute(new Consumer(queue));
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
4. 查看输出
[2022-03-22 20:24:37.577] produce message A
[2022-03-22 20:24:37.629] produce message B
[2022-03-22 20:24:47.311] Consuming data:A
[2022-03-22 20:24:57.630] Consuming data:B