Tidal power or tidal energy is harnessed by converting energy from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity using various methods. Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has the potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Among sources of renewable energy, tidal energy has traditionally suffered from relatively high cost and limited availability of sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges or flow velocities, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent technological developments and improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than previously assumed and that economic and environmental costs may be brought down to competitive levels. Historically, tide mills have been used both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America. The incoming water was contained in large storage ponds, and as the tide goes out, it turns waterwheels that use the mechanical power to mill grain.[1] The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or even from Roman times.[2][3] The process of using falling water and spinning turbines to create electricity was introduced in the U.S. and Europe in the 19th century.[4] Electricity generation from marine technologies increased an estimated 16% in 2018, and an estimated 13% in 2019.[5] Policies promoting R&D are needed to achieve further cost reductions and large-scale development. The world's first large-scale tidal power plant was France's Rance Tidal Power Station, which became operational in 1966. It was the largest tidal power station in terms of output until Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station opened in South Korea in August 2011. The Sihwa station uses sea wall defense barriers complete with 10 turbines generating 254 MW
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潮汐能是指将潮汐能量转化为有用的电力等形式的能源。虽然潮汐能尚未得到广泛应用，但具有未来发电的潜力。潮汐比风和太阳更加可预测。在可再生能源来源中，潮汐能一直面临着相对较高的成本和受限的可用性，因此限制了其总体可用性。然而，许多最近的技术发展和改进，无论是在设计方面（例如动态潮汐能、潮汐泻湖）还是涡轮机技术方面（例如新的轴流涡轮机、横流涡轮机），表明潮汐能的总体可用性可能比以前认为的要高得多，经济和环境成本也可以降低到具有竞争力的水平。
历史上，潮汐磨坊在欧洲和北美大西洋沿岸都被使用过。进水被储存在大型蓄水池中，当潮水退去时，它带动水轮机旋转，利用机械力磨粮食。最早的记录可以追溯到中世纪，甚至是罗马时代。将落差水和旋转涡轮机来发电的过程在19世纪被引入美国和欧洲。
2018年，来自海洋技术的电力产量增长了约16％，2019年增长了约13％。需要推动研发的政策以实现进一步的成本降低和大规模开发。世界上第一个大规模潮汐电站是法国的朗斯潮汐发电站，于1966年开始运营。直到2011年8月韩国的西河湖潮汐发电站投入运营，它才是以输出功率为基础最大的潮汐发电站。西河湖发电站采用了海堤防御障碍物，内部安装了10台涡轮机，产生254兆瓦的电力。
Tidal energy is a form of energy that harnesses the power of ocean tides to generate electricity. The following are some of the most common tidal energy technologies:
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Tidal Stream Energy: Tidal stream energy involves using turbines or other devices to capture the kinetic energy of moving water in tidal streams or currents. Turbines can be mounted on the seabed or installed in a floating platform.
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Tidal Barrage Energy: Tidal barrage energy involves building a dam or barrage across a tidal estuary, which causes water to flow through turbines and generate electricity. This is similar to how a hydroelectric dam works, but with the added challenge of dealing with the high salt content and harsh marine environment.
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Dynamic Tidal Power: Dynamic tidal power involves building large-scale structures that use the difference in water levels between high and low tide to generate electricity. These structures typically consist of a basin or reservoir with gates that are opened and closed to allow water to flow in and out.
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Tidal Lagoon Energy: Tidal lagoon energy involves constructing an artificial lagoon or basin that is connected to the ocean and then using turbines to generate electricity from the movement of water in and out of the lagoon as tides rise and fall.
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Wave Energy: Wave energy involves capturing the kinetic energy of ocean waves and converting it into electricity. Various technologies are used for this purpose, including oscillating water columns, point absorbers, and attenuators.
Each of these tidal energy technologies has its own unique advantages and challenges, and the choice of technology will depend on factors such as the site's tidal range, water depth, and other environmental factors.
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潮汐能是一种利用海洋潮汐发电的能源形式。以下是一些常见的潮汐能技术：
潮流能：潮流能利用涌动的水流或潮流的动能来驱动涡轮或其他设备。涡轮可以安装在海床上或安装在浮动平台上。
潮汐堰能：潮汐堰能涉及在潮汐河口建造一座大坝或堰，通过涡轮发电。这类似于水力发电大坝的工作方式，但还要应对高盐度和恶劣的海洋环境的挑战。
动态潮汐能：动态潮汐能涉及建造大型结构，利用高低潮之间的水位差来发电。这些结构通常由一个水库或水池组成，具有可以打开和关闭的闸门，以允许水流进出。
潮汐潟湖能：潮汐潟湖能涉及建造一个人工潟湖或水池，将其连接到海洋，然后利用涨落潮汐中水的流动来发电。
波浪能：波浪能涉及捕捉海洋波浪的动能并将其转换为电能。各种技术被用于此目的，包括振荡水柱、点吸收器和衰减器。
每种潮汐能技术都有其独特的优势和挑战，技术的选择将取决于诸如潮汐范围、水深和其他环境因素等因素。
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