python装饰器

python装饰器
与Java 中Spring Aop很相似
与 Tomcat 的 Filter 也很像

函数是一等公民

def func(message):
    print("Hello ,{}".format(message))

hello = func

hello('world')

Hello ,world

函数当参数

def func(message):
    print("Hello ,{}".format(message))

def caller(func,message):
    func(message)

caller(func," python ")

Hello , python 

函数的嵌套

def func(message):
  def hello(message):
    print("hello , {}!".format(message))
  return hello(message)

func("world")

hello , world!

手工装饰

def func():
    print("Hello World")

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("Before")
        func()
        print("After")
    return wrapper

func = decorator(func)
func()

Before
Hello World
After

注解装饰器

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper():
        print("Before decorator")
        func()
        print("After decorator")
    return wrapper

@decorator
def func():
    print("Hello World")

func()

Before decorator
Hello World
After decorator

带参数的装饰器

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(message):
        print("Before decorator")
        func(message)
        print("After decorator")
    return wrapper

@decorator
def func(message):
    print("Hello {}!!".format(message))

func("world")

Before decorator
Hello world!!
After decorator

@decorator
def func(message,fromWho):
    print("Hello {}!! from {}".format(message,fromWho))

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(message,fromWho):
        print("Before decorator")
        func(message,fromWho)
        print("After decorator")
    return wrapper


func("world","python")

Before decorator
Hello world!! from python
After decorator

可用于任何参数形式的函数装饰器

import functools

def decorator_super(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        print("Before decorator")
        func(*args,**kwargs)
        print("After decorator")
    return wrapper

@decorator_super
def func1(message,fromWho):
    print("Hello {}!! from {}".format(message,fromWho))

@decorator_super
def func2(message):
    print("Hello {}!!".format(message))

func1("world","python")

print("---------")

func2("world")

print("---------")

print(func1.__name__)
print(func2.__name__)

Before decorator
Hello world!! from python
After decorator
---------
Before decorator
Hello world!!
After decorator
---------
func1
func2

Class 类装饰器

class Count:
  def __init__(self,func):
      self.func = func
      self.nums_called = 0

  def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
      self.nums_called += 1
      print("Called {} times".format(self.nums_called))
      return self.func(*args,**kwargs)

@Count
def func():
    print("Hello World")

func()
func()
func()

Called 1 times
Hello World
Called 2 times
Hello World
Called 3 times
Hello World

装饰器的叠加嵌套

@Count
@decorator_super
def func():
    print("Hello World")

func()
func()
func()

Called 1 times
Before decorator
Hello World
After decorator
Called 2 times
Before decorator
Hello World
After decorator
Called 3 times
Before decorator
Hello World
After decorator

来整活了。1-认证、2-日志、3-检查、4-计时

import functools

def authenticate(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        request = args[0]
        if check_user_logged_in(request): # 如果用户处于登录状态
            return func(*args, **kwargs) # 执行函数post_comment()
        else:
            raise Exception('Authentication failed')
    return wrapper

@authenticate
def post_comment(request):
    print("do comment")

def check_user_logged_in(request):
    #return False
    return True

post_comment("request")

do comment

import time
import functools

def log_execution_time(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start = time.perf_counter()
        res = func(*args, **kwargs)
        end = time.perf_counter()
        print('{} took {} ms'.format(func.__name__, (end - start) * 1000))
        return res
    return wrapper

@log_execution_time
def calculate_similarity(items):
    sum = 0
    for i in range(items):
        sum += i
    return sum

calculate_similarity(100000)

calculate_similarity took 10.108035000030213 ms





4999950000

import functools

def checkInput(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        id = args[0]
        if(id == "valid"):
            return func(*args, **kwargs) # 执行函数post_comment()
        else:
            raise Exception('Input format error')
    return wrapper

@checkInput
def post_comment(flag,request):
    print("do comment")

post_comment("valid","json data")
#post_comment("invalid","json data")

do comment