【express】use中间件回调函数参数个数踩坑记录

在express的错误处理，使用以下代码

import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
import createError from 'http-errors';

// ...

app.use((req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
  next(new createError.NotFound());
});

app.use((err: any, req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
  res.status(err.status || 500);
  res.send({
    error: {
      status: err.status || 500,
      message: err.message,
    }
  });
})

// ...

其中，在第二个 use 中，回调函数第一个参数为 err，此时参数个数为 4 个。
但是，一般的回调函数包含 3 个参数，req, res, next，观察到，err 应该是可选参数，是个异常错误对象。

注意

如果需要使用 err 参数，需要完整地把 4 个参数都写出来，即按顺序 err, req, res, next ，不管你后面的参数是否有使用，都要写上去，才能正常访问 err 变量。

一个猜测

一个猜想，不一定对，express内部会根据你传递参数的个数，进行判断，为形参赋值，供函数内部调用。

export type RequestHandlerParams<
    P = ParamsDictionary,
    ResBody = any,
    ReqBody = any,
    ReqQuery = ParsedQs,
    Locals extends Record<string, any> = Record<string, any>
> =
    | RequestHandler<P, ResBody, ReqBody, ReqQuery, Locals>
    | ErrorRequestHandler<P, ResBody, ReqBody, ReqQuery, Locals>
    | Array<RequestHandler<P> | ErrorRequestHandler<P>>;

export interface RequestHandler<
    P = ParamsDictionary,
    ResBody = any,
    ReqBody = any,
    ReqQuery = ParsedQs,
    Locals extends Record<string, any> = Record<string, any>
> {
    (
        req: Request<P, ResBody, ReqBody, ReqQuery, Locals>,
        res: Response<ResBody, Locals>,
        next: NextFunction,
    ): void;
    
export type ErrorRequestHandler<
    P = ParamsDictionary,
    ResBody = any,
    ReqBody = any,
    ReqQuery = ParsedQs,
    Locals extends Record<string, any> = Record<string, any>
> = (
    err: any,
    req: Request<P, ResBody, ReqBody, ReqQuery, Locals>,
    res: Response<ResBody, Locals>,
    next: NextFunction,
) => void;

从源码层面可以看到，确实是分别是 RequestHandler 和 ErrorRequestHandler 两种类型。

但是查看express源码未能找到这部分逻辑，功力不够o(╥﹏╥)o。