916. Word Subsets**

916. Word Subsets**

https://leetcode.com/problems/word-subsets/

题目描述

We are given two arrays A and B of words. Each word is a string of lowercase letters.

Now, say that word b is a subset of word a if every letter in b occurs in a, including multiplicity. For example, "wrr" is a subset of "warrior", but is not a subset of "world".

Now say a word a from A is universal if for every b in B, b is a subset of a.

Return a list of all universal words in A. You can return the words in any order.

Example 1:

Input: A = ["amazon","apple","facebook","google","leetcode"], B = ["e","o"]
Output: ["facebook","google","leetcode"]

Example 2:

Input: A = ["amazon","apple","facebook","google","leetcode"], B = ["l","e"]
Output: ["apple","google","leetcode"]

Example 3:

Input: A = ["amazon","apple","facebook","google","leetcode"], B = ["e","oo"]
Output: ["facebook","google"]

Example 4:

Input: A = ["amazon","apple","facebook","google","leetcode"], B = ["lo","eo"]
Output: ["google","leetcode"]

Example 5:

Input: A = ["amazon","apple","facebook","google","leetcode"], B = ["ec","oc","ceo"]
Output: ["facebook","leetcode"]

Note:

• 1 <= A.length, B.length <= 10000
• 1 <= A[i].length, B[i].length <= 10
• A[i] and B[i] consist only of lowercase letters.
• All words in A[i] are unique: there isn’t i != j with A[i] == A[j].

C++ 实现 1

从题目中的限制条件可以看出, A 和 B 的长度最大 10000, 显然不能直接两个 for 循环, 必须要优化. 看到题目中对于 universal 的定义, 那么只需要求出 B 中各个字符(注意是是各个字符而不是各个字符串)的最大值, 再一次判断 A 中的每个字符串是否对 B 是 Universal 的.

思路参考 LeetCode 的官方 Solution: https://leetcode.com/problems/word-subsets/solution/

class Solution {
private:
    vector<int> count(const string &s) {
        vector<int> ans(26, 0);
        for (auto &c : s) ans[c - 'a'] ++;
        return ans;
    }
    bool isUniversal(const vector<int> &record, const vector<int> &ans) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++ i)
            if (ans[i] < record[i]) return false;
        return true;
    }
public:
    vector<string> wordSubsets(vector<string>& A, vector<string>& B) {
        vector<int> record(26, 0);
        // count(s) 统计 B 中每个字符串 s 的各个字符个数,
        // record 保存各个字符个数的最大值, 具体原因看题目中 universal 的定义
        for (auto &s : B) {
            auto ans = count(s);
            for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++ i)
                record[i] = max(record[i], ans[i]);
        }
        vector<string> res;
        for (auto &a : A) {
            auto ans = count(a);
            bool is_universal = isUniversal(record, ans);
            if (is_universal) res.push_back(a);
        }
        return res;
    }
};