linux下PXE和KickStart实现Linux下的无人值守安装

原理

1. DHCP服务器给需要安装的机器分发IP, 并指定ftp服务器地址和pxelinux.0
2. 客户端连接到服务器,读取启动文件 /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
3. 根据default里面指定的ks.cfg文件的位置,打开KickStart配置文件,
4. 根据ks.cfg的ftp服务器的配置, 读取/var/ftp/pub/文件, 引导安装程序

安装所需服务和工具

need packages：
system-config-kickstart ##自动应答脚本制作工具
syslinux ##获得pxelinux.0文件安装包
dhcp ##分配ip给客户机的服务
tftp-server ##提供tftp协议的服务
httpd ##安装源共享服务

[root@server19 ~]# yum install dhcp httpd tftp-server lftp -y
[root@server19 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf’? y
[root@server19 ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
[root@server19 ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd
[root@server19 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@server19 ~]# systemctl enable httpd
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'
[root@server19 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
disable                 = no
[root@server19 ~]# systemctl restart xinetd.service 
[root@server19 ~]# chkconfig --list

配置dhcp服务

配置dhcp配置文件

option domain-name “example.com”; ##域名
option domain-name-servers 172.25.254.119; ##dns
default-lease-time 600; ##默认租约期
max-lease-time 7200; ##最长租约期
log-facility local7; ##日志级别
subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { ##网段，子网掩码
range 172.25.254.10 172.25.254.30; ##地址范围
option routers 172.25.254.254; ##网关
filename “pxelinux.0”; ##pxe启动程序
next-server 172.25.254.19; ##tftp主机地址
}
systemctl restart dhcpd
systemctl stop firewalld

dhcp服务配置

tftp服务是xinetd的子服务.

cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
service tftp
{
        socket_type        = dgram
        protocol              = udp
        wait                     = yes
        user                    = root
        server                 = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args        = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                = no          ##将yes更改为no
        per_source         = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}
systemctl restart xinetd

[root@foundation19 html]# system-config-kickstart                  ##配置ks.cfg保存至/var/www/html/ 
/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/kickstartGui.py:104: GtkWarning: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated
  xml = gtk.glade.XML ("/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/system-config-kickstart.glade", domain="system-config-kickstart")
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id
[root@foundation19 html]# ls
index.html  ks.cfg  rhel7  rhel7.2  westos.html
[root@foundation16 html]# vim ks.cfg 

在server ：

cd /var/lib/tftpboot/
mkdir pxelinux.cfg
在主机拷贝需要的文件：
mount the iso of the rhel7
scp isolinux/* 172.25.254.119:/var/lib/tftpboot

在server：
cp /var/lib/tftpboot/isolinux.cfg   /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default